Venipedia - User contributions [en-gb]

Venipedia:Article wizard/Create a Crafts Page

2013-01-09T01:43:33Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Craft pages are meant for unique crafts pertaining to Venice. <br> <br> To create your own Art page, choose one of the options below: <table border=0 align="center" width="96%..."

Craft pages are meant for unique crafts pertaining to Venice.
<br> <br>
To create your own Art page, choose one of the options below:
<table border=0 align="center" width="96%" cellpadding="8"><tr>
<td>'''Traditional Boats''' <br>
<td><InputBox>
type=create
preload=Template:Creating a traditional boat page
default=Enter the desired title here
editintro=Template:traditional boat page creation intro
buttonlabel=Create a traditional boat page
</InputBox></td></tr>

<tr>
<td>'''Other type of craft''' <br>
<td><InputBox>
type=create
preload=Template:Creating an other craft page
default=Enter the desired title here
editintro=Template:other craft page creation intro
buttonlabel=Create a craft page
</InputBox></td></tr>

</table>

Venipedia:Article wizard/Create an Architecture Page

2013-01-09T01:40:57Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Architecture pages are for pieces of architecture found in Venice. There are three categories for architecture: museums, palaces, and portals. <br> <br> To create your own Arc..."

Architecture pages are for pieces of architecture found in Venice. There are three categories for architecture: museums, palaces, and portals.
<br> <br>
To create your own Architecture page, choose one of the options below:
<table border=0 align="center" width="96%" cellpadding="8"><tr>
<td>'''Museums''' <br>
<td><InputBox>
type=create
preload=Template:Creating a museum page
default=Enter the desired title here
editintro=Template:museum page creation intro
buttonlabel=Create a museum page
</InputBox></td></tr>

<tr>
<td>'''Palaces''' <br>
<td><InputBox>
type=create
preload=Template:Creating a palace page
default=Enter the desired title here
editintro=Template:palace page creation intro
buttonlabel=Create a palace page
</InputBox></td></tr>

<tr>
<td>'''Portals''' <br>
<td><InputBox>
type=create
preload=Template:Creating a portal page
default=Enter the desired title here
editintro=Template:portal page creation intro
buttonlabel=Create a portal page
</InputBox></td></tr>
</table>

Venipedia:Article wizard/Create an Art Page

2013-01-09T01:37:31Z

Lmccarthy:

Art pages are geared towards pieces of art found in Venice. There are three categories for art: decorative artifacts, functional artifacts, and public art.
<br> <br>
To create your own Art page, choose one of the options below:
<table border=0 align="center" width="96%" cellpadding="8"><tr>
<td>'''Decorative Artifacts''' <br>
<td><InputBox>
type=create
preload=Template:Creating a decorative artifact page
default=Enter the desired title here
editintro=Template:decorative artifact page creation intro
buttonlabel=Create a decorative artifact page
</InputBox></td></tr>

<tr>
<td>'''Functional Artifacts''' <br>
<td><InputBox>
type=create
preload=Template:Creating a functional artifact page
default=Enter the desired title here
editintro=Template:functional artifact page creation intro
buttonlabel=Create a functional artifact Page
</InputBox></td></tr>

<tr>
<td>'''Public Art''' <br>
<td><InputBox>
type=create
preload=Template:Creating a public art page
default=Enter the desired title here
editintro=Template:public art page creation intro
buttonlabel=Create a public art page
</InputBox></td></tr>
</table>

Venipedia:Article wizard/Create an Art Page

2013-01-09T01:36:48Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Art pages are geared towards pieces of art found in Venice. There are three categories for art: decorative artifacts, functional artifacts, and public art. <br> <br> To create..."

Art pages are geared towards pieces of art found in Venice. There are three categories for art: decorative artifacts, functional artifacts, and public art.
<br> <br>
To create your own Art page, choose one of the options below:
<table border=0 align="center" width="96%" cellpadding="8"><tr>
<td>'''Decorative Artifacts''' <br>
<td><InputBox>
type=create
preload=Template:Creating a decorative artifact page
default=Enter the desired title here
editintro=Template:decorative artifact page creation intro
buttonlabel=Create a decorative artifact page
</InputBox></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>'''Functional Artifacts''' If you're trying to create a page for a project not associated with WPI or the VPC, create a page here. <br>
<td><InputBox>
type=create
preload=Template:Creating a functional artifact page
default=Enter the desired title here
editintro=Template:functional artifact page creation intro
buttonlabel=Create a functional artifact Page
</InputBox></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>'''Public Art''' <br>
<td><InputBox>
type=create
preload=Template:Creating a public art page
default=Enter the desired title here
editintro=Template:public art page creation intro
buttonlabel=Create a public art page
</InputBox></td></tr>
</table>

Venipedia:Article wizard/Create an Arts & Crafts Page

2013-01-09T01:30:04Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Arts & Crafts pages are created to document the public art pieces throughout Venice. If you would like to get an idea of what these pages encompass, please explore the Arts & ..."

Arts & Crafts pages are created to document the public art pieces throughout Venice. If you would like to get an idea of what these pages encompass, please explore the Arts & Crafts portal before attempting to create your own page. Exploring this portal will help you get a feeling of how these pages are created along with what's already available.
<br> <br>
To create your own page, choose which category best suits your page:
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create an Art Page|Create an Art Page}}<br />
<br>
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create an Architecture Page|Create an Architecture Page}}<br />
<br>
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create a Crafts Page|Create a Crafts Page}}<br />
<br>

Venipedia:Article wizard/Ready for submission

2013-01-09T01:23:58Z

Lmccarthy:

{{Article wizard|1=linked|2=linked|3=linked|4=linked|5=linked|6=boxed|content=
'''You are ready to go!'''
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create an Arts & Crafts Page|Create an Arts & Crafts Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create an Economy & Society Page|Create an Economy & Society Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create a History & Geography Page|Create a History & Geography Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create an Institution Page|Create an Institution Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create a Project Page|Create a Project Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create an Infrastructure & Mobility Page|Create an Infrastructure & Mobility Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create a Nature & Energy Page|Create a Nature & Energy Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create a Science & Technology Page|Create a Science & Technology Page}}<br />
<br>
<br>'''Don't forget to hit the [[File:Save button.JPG|40px]] button when you are done editing - otherwise your submission will be gone!'''
}}

Venipedia:Article wizard/Ready for submission

2013-01-09T01:23:13Z

Lmccarthy:

{{Article wizard|1=linked|2=linked|3=linked|4=linked|5=linked|6=boxed|content=
'''You are ready to go!'''
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create an Institution Page|Create an Institution Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create a Project Page|Create a Project Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create an Arts & Crafts Page|Create an Arts & Crafts Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create an Economy & Society Page|Create an Economy & Society Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create a History & Geography Page|Create a History & Geography Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create an Institution Page|Create an Institution Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create a Project Page|Create a Project Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create an Infrastructure & Mobility Page|Create an Infrastructure & Mobility Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create a Nature & Energy Page|Create a Nature & Energy Page}}<br />
<br>
{{Article wizard/button wizard|image size=30px|Create a Science & Technology Page|Create a Science & Technology Page}}<br />
<br>
<br>'''Don't forget to hit the [[File:Save button.JPG|40px]] button when you are done editing - otherwise your submission will be gone!'''
}}

Cruise ships

2012-12-18T13:46:05Z

Lmccarthy:

[[Image:Cruise_Ship_Ports.png|thumb|300px|Figure 2-7: The port facilities of Venice]]
[[Image:Cruise_Ship_Passenger_Transportation_Choices.png|thumb|300px|Figure 2-8: Directions of cruise ship passengers]]
[[File:crusin.jpg|thumb|right|Example of a cruise ship in Venice]]

Cruise ships are large commercial passenger ships used for vacations. Cruise ships have become increasingly popular recently bringing both benefits and consequences to the communities they visit. Over the years Venice has become a very popular destination for cruise ships. From 1997 to 2011, Venice’s port has seen an increase of 496.57% in the number of passengers embarking and disembarking (see Figure 2-1 in section Cruise Ship Growth below). In 2011 alone, 1,786,416 people passed through Venice by way of cruise ships, which is an increase of more than 160,000 passengers, or 10.48%.
<p>
Venice is visited by cruise ships hundreds of times a year; in 2012, cruise ships will dock in Venice 573 times, mostly during the spring to early autumn months. To accommodate such frequent visits from large ships, Venice has three separate areas where cruise ships can dock. The largest ship terminal is the Marittima, which can handle several cruise ships at a time. San Basilio is used mostly for smaller cruise ships and large yachts. Lastly, Riva dei Sette Martiri is used almost exclusively for yachts, because nearby residents object to large ships blocking the view. A map of the city of Venice with the cruise ship ports is shown in Figure 2-7.

==Types of cruise ships==
Some cruise ships are port of call ships, meaning that they come in the morning to let passengers off and leave in the evening when all of the passengers have returned to the ship. This means that the passengers are exploring the city of Venice all day. Other ships are home port ships, or turn-around ships. Turn-around ships imply that all the passengers get off and new passengers get on, meaning that the amount of people brought to Venice by each ship, both directly and indirectly, is doubled, resulting in a very large volume of people in the same area during the time between arrival and departure.
<p>
With so many cruise ships and passengers traveling in and out of Venice, it is important to know where people are going to help understand their impact on the city. On five separate days in late October and early November of 2011, a team of students counted 15,438 passengers from 14 different turn-around cruise ships. According to the data, 39% of those cruise ship passengers took the buses, 21% took land taxis to the mainland, and 25% took various boats because of their effective way of maneuvering through Venice. The remainder of the people either took the people mover (9%) or walked (6%). A previous team created a graphic to display these findings, and their graphic is shown below in Figure 2-8.

==Cruise Ship Growth==
[[Image:Venice_Cruise_Ship_Passengers_by_Year.png|thumb|400x240px|Figure 2-2: Increasing Cruise Ship Passengers Over Time]]

The cruising industry has grown substantially in the past 10 years. The popularity of the cruise ship industry has added an additional 15% of tourists in recent years, and is only becoming more popular as time goes on. This increasing trend, which has increased by 500% since 1997, can be seen by the graph Figure 2-2. It shows the total number of passengers arriving by cruise ships to Venice’s port each year.

==Economic Impact==

The cruise ship passengers are expected to spend approximately 57 euros at each port they visit and with an average of 2,500 passengers that is over 140,000 euros at each port visited. At each homeport visited each passegner is expected to spend 106 euros and with 2,500 people on a cruise this equals 265,000 euros. Since Venice is a homeport as well, the numerous ships cause a significant economic benefit.

==Venice as a Port==

In the past 10 years Venice has quadrupled the number of passengers that it has seen enter by cruise ship. As a result, it has become the 4th most popular port in Europe and 11th in the world.

==Venice as a Homeport==

Venice is the homeport to many different cruise ships. It was the first homeport in the Mediterranean and today is the number one homeport of the Mediterranean according to the [[Venice Port Authority]].

==Noise Pollution of Cruise Ships==

The ever present cruise ships tied up at the Venetian docks are one of the largest sources of noise in the city. Noise ordinance allows for the docks to maintain a much higher level of volume than the city around it, and the cruise ships are appropriate to the zoning on the docks. However, this does not mean that the cruise ships do not break the zoning within the city itself. When tied up overnight, the hum of the engines will violate the 40dB sound ordinance of Venice proper at night. Furthermore, the huge number of tourists that cruise ships bring produces additional noise for the city.

===Homeport Ships===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ship
! Company
! Year Built
! Passenger Capacity
! Crew Capacity
! Tonnage (Size)
! Website
|-
| Azamara Journey
| Azamara Club Cruises
| 2000
| 694
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
|-
| Azamara Quest
| Azamara Club Cruises
| 2000
| 702
| 410
| 30,277
| http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
|-
| Celebrity Equinox
| Celebrity Cruises Inc
| 2009
| 2,850
| 1,250
| 122,000
| http://www.celebritycruises.com
|-
| Le Boreal
| Compagnie Des Iles Du Ponant
| 2010
| 200
| 140
| 10,700
| http://www.ponant.com
|-
| Arion
| Constellation Cruise Holdings
| 2010
| 200
| 140
| 10,700
| http://www.cic-cruises.com
|-
| Costa Deliziosa
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2010
| 2,828
| 1,100
| 92,700
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Fortuna
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2004
| 3,470
| 1,027
| 102,587
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Serena
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2007
| 3,000
| 1,100
| 114,500
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Victoria
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 1996
| 1,950
| 800
| 75,166
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Crystal Serenity
| Crystal Cruises Inc.
| 2003
| 1,080
| 655
| 68,000
| http://www.crystalcruises.com
|-
| Queen Victoria
| Cunard Line Ltd
| 2007
| 2,000
| 900
| 90,000
| http://www.cunard.com
|-
| Vistamar
| Ellevi Shipping S.r.l.
| 2008
| 290
| 110
| 7,500
| http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=380425
|-
| Athena
| First Quality Cruises Inc.
| 2007
| 390
| 260
| 40,012
| http://www.cic-cruises.com
|-
| Balmoral
| Fred Olson Cruise Lines Ltd
| 1988
| 1,230
| 471
| 43,537
| http://www.fredolsencruises.com
|-
| C. Columbus
| Hapy Lloyd Cruises
| 1997
| 420
| 170
| 15,000
| http://www.hlcruises.com
|-
| Gemini
| Happy Cruises S.A.
| 1992
| 800
| 385
| 19,093
| http://www.happycruises.eu/en/quail_gemini_main.html
|-
| Nieuw Amsterdam
| Holland America Line Inc.
| 1983
| 2,100
| 800
| 86,000
| http://www.hollandamerica.com
|-
| Westerdam
| Holland American Line Inc.
| 2004
| 1,916
| 800
| 82,500
| http://www.hollandamerica.com
|-
| Grand Celebration
| Iberocruceros S.L.
| 2008
| 1,896
| 920
| 47,626
| http://www.ibercruceros.com
|-
| MSC Armonia
| MSC Crociere
| 2001
| 2,087
| 700
| 58,625
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Magnifca
| MSC Crociere
| 2010
| 2,518
| 1,027
| 93,330
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Musica
| MSC Crociere
| 2006
| 2,550
| 987
| 89,600
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Opera
| MSC Crociere
| 2004
| 1,712
| 740
| 59,000
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| Seabourn Spirit
| Sebourn Cruise Line
| 1989
| 208
| 164
| 10,00
| http://www.seabourn.com
|-
| Seabourn Odyssey
| Sebourn Cruise Line
| 2009
| 450
| 330
| 32,00
| http://www.seabourn.com
|-
| Sea Cloud Hussar
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 2009
| 136
| 90
| 3,000
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Sea Cloud II
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 2001
| 96
| 56
| 3,000
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Sea Cloud
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 1931
| 68
| 60
| 2,532
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Vision of the Seas
| Royal Caribbean International
| 1998
| 2,435
| 765
| 78,491
| http://www.rccl.com
|-
| Splendour of the Seas
| Royal Caribbean International
| 1995
| 2,076
| 720
| 90,000
| http://www.rccl.com
|-
| Star Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 1989
| 2,600
| 1,150
| 109,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Ruby Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 2008
| 3,800
| 1,200
| 113,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Pacific Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 1985
| 1,100
| 780
| 30,277
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Crown Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 2006
| 3,080
| 1,200
| 113,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Astor
| Premicon Kreuzfahrt GmbH & Co.
| 1986
| 650
| 300
| 20,159
| http://www.transocean.de/kreuzfahrten.htm
|-
| Regatta
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 1998
| 684
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Nautica
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 1998
| 684
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Insignia
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 2003
| 680
| 373
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Norwegian Gem
| Norwegian Cruise Line
| 2007
| 2,466
| 1,154
| 93,502
| http://www.ncl.com
|}

----

==References==
*"Summer 09: Destination Focus Europe: Driving Expansion - Cruise Industry News | Cruise News " http://www.cruiseindustrynews.com/cruise-news-articles/67-articles/2892-summer-09-destination-focus-europe-driving-expansion.html (accessed 9/16/2010, 2010).
*Venezia Terminal Passeggeri. (n.d.). Retrieved November 1, 2010, from http://www.vtp.it/
*http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
*http://www.celebritycruises.com
*http://www.ponant.com
*http://www.cic-cruises.com
*http://www.costacrociere.it
*http://www.crystalcruises.com
*http://www.cunard.com
*http://www.cic-cruises.com
*http://www.fredolsencruises.com
*http://www.hlcruises.com
*http://www.hollandamerica.com
*http://www.ibercruceros.com
*http://www.msccrociere.it
*http://www.ncl.com
*http://www.oceaniacruises.com
*http://www.princess.com
*http://www.rccl.com
*http://www.seabourn.com
*http://www.vtp.it/azienda/statistiche.jsp
*Saari,Erin Lee Student author -- CM, O'Brien,Christopher J.Student author -- ME, Davis,Cortney M.Student author -- BIO, Bellingham,Shane Patrick Student author -- ME, Carrera,Fabio Faculty advisor -- ID, & Cocola,James Faculty advisor -- HU. (2011). Cruise control -- cruise ships influencing the city of venice. Worcester, MA: Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
*Venezia Terminal Passeggeri S.p.A. (2011). Venezia terminal passeggeri S.p.A. guide book. Retrieved 11/20, 2012, from http://operatori.vtp.it/risorse/allegati/brochure_armatori_2011.pdf

*http://sit.comune.venezia.it/cartanet/cartanet.asp?idcat=13

[[Category:Cruise ships]]
[[Category:Sound]]

Cruise ships

2012-12-18T13:44:46Z

Lmccarthy:

Cruise ships

2012-12-18T13:43:57Z

Lmccarthy:

[[Image:Cruise_Ship_Ports.png|thumb|300px|Figure 2-7: The port facilities of Venice]]
[[Image:Cruise_Ship_Passenger_Transportation_Choices.png|thumb|300px|Figure 2-8: Directions of cruise ship passengers]]
[[File:crusin.jpg|thumb|right|Example of a cruise ship in Venice]]

Cruise ships are large commercial passenger ships used for vacations. Cruise ships have become increasingly popular recently bringing both benefits and consequences to the communities they visit. Over the years Venice has become a very popular destination for cruise ships. From 1997 to 2011, Venice’s port has seen an increase of 496.57% in the number of passengers embarking and disembarking (see Figure 2-1 in section Cruise Ship Growth below). In 2011 alone, 1,786,416 people passed through Venice by way of cruise ships, which is an increase of more than 160,000 passengers, or 10.48%.
<p>
Venice is visited by cruise ships hundreds of times a year; in 2012, cruise ships will dock in Venice 573 times, mostly during the spring to early autumn months. To accommodate such frequent visits from large ships, Venice has three separate areas where cruise ships can dock. The largest ship terminal is the Marittima, which can handle several cruise ships at a time. San Basilio is used mostly for smaller cruise ships and large yachts. Lastly, Riva dei Sette Martiri is used almost exclusively for yachts, because nearby residents object to large ships blocking the view. A map of the city of Venice with the cruise ship ports is shown in Figure 2-7.
<p>
Some cruise ships are port of call ships, meaning that they come in the morning to let passengers off and leave in the evening when all of the passengers have returned to the ship. This means that the passengers are exploring the city of Venice all day. Other ships are home port ships, or turn-around ships. Turn-around ships imply that all the passengers get off and new passengers get on, meaning that the amount of people brought to Venice by each ship, both directly and indirectly, is doubled, resulting in a very large volume of people in the same area during the time between arrival and departure.
<p>
With so many cruise ships and passengers traveling in and out of Venice, it is important to know where people are going to help understand their impact on the city. On five separate days in late October and early November of 2011, a team of students counted 15,438 passengers from 14 different turn-around cruise ships. According to the data, 39% of those cruise ship passengers took the buses, 21% took land taxis to the mainland, and 25% took various boats because of their effective way of maneuvering through Venice. The remainder of the people either took the people mover (9%) or walked (6%). A previous team created a graphic to display these findings, and their graphic is shown below in Figure 2-8.

==Cruise Ship Growth==
[[Image:Venice_Cruise_Ship_Passengers_by_Year.png|thumb|400x240px|Figure 2-2: Increasing Cruise Ship Passengers Over Time]]

The cruising industry has grown substantially in the past 10 years. The popularity of the cruise ship industry has added an additional 15% of tourists in recent years, and is only becoming more popular as time goes on. This increasing trend, which has increased by 500% since 1997, can be seen by the graph Figure 2-2. It shows the total number of passengers arriving by cruise ships to Venice’s port each year.

==Economic Impact==

The cruise ship passengers are expected to spend approximately 57 euros at each port they visit and with an average of 2,500 passengers that is over 140,000 euros at each port visited. At each homeport visited each passegner is expected to spend 106 euros and with 2,500 people on a cruise this equals 265,000 euros. Since Venice is a homeport as well, the numerous ships cause a significant economic benefit.

==Venice as a Port==

In the past 10 years Venice has quadrupled the number of passengers that it has seen enter by cruise ship. As a result, it has become the 4th most popular port in Europe and 11th in the world.

==Venice as a Homeport==

Venice is the homeport to many different cruise ships. It was the first homeport in the Mediterranean and today is the number one homeport of the Mediterranean according to the [[Venice Port Authority]].

==Noise Pollution of Cruise Ships==

The ever present cruise ships tied up at the Venetian docks are one of the largest sources of noise in the city. Noise ordinance allows for the docks to maintain a much higher level of volume than the city around it, and the cruise ships are appropriate to the zoning on the docks. However, this does not mean that the cruise ships do not break the zoning within the city itself. When tied up overnight, the hum of the engines will violate the 40dB sound ordinance of Venice proper at night. Furthermore, the huge number of tourists that cruise ships bring produces additional noise for the city.

===Homeport Ships===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ship
! Company
! Year Built
! Passenger Capacity
! Crew Capacity
! Tonnage (Size)
! Website
|-
| Azamara Journey
| Azamara Club Cruises
| 2000
| 694
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
|-
| Azamara Quest
| Azamara Club Cruises
| 2000
| 702
| 410
| 30,277
| http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
|-
| Celebrity Equinox
| Celebrity Cruises Inc
| 2009
| 2,850
| 1,250
| 122,000
| http://www.celebritycruises.com
|-
| Le Boreal
| Compagnie Des Iles Du Ponant
| 2010
| 200
| 140
| 10,700
| http://www.ponant.com
|-
| Arion
| Constellation Cruise Holdings
| 2010
| 200
| 140
| 10,700
| http://www.cic-cruises.com
|-
| Costa Deliziosa
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2010
| 2,828
| 1,100
| 92,700
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Fortuna
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2004
| 3,470
| 1,027
| 102,587
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Serena
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2007
| 3,000
| 1,100
| 114,500
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Victoria
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 1996
| 1,950
| 800
| 75,166
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Crystal Serenity
| Crystal Cruises Inc.
| 2003
| 1,080
| 655
| 68,000
| http://www.crystalcruises.com
|-
| Queen Victoria
| Cunard Line Ltd
| 2007
| 2,000
| 900
| 90,000
| http://www.cunard.com
|-
| Vistamar
| Ellevi Shipping S.r.l.
| 2008
| 290
| 110
| 7,500
| http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=380425
|-
| Athena
| First Quality Cruises Inc.
| 2007
| 390
| 260
| 40,012
| http://www.cic-cruises.com
|-
| Balmoral
| Fred Olson Cruise Lines Ltd
| 1988
| 1,230
| 471
| 43,537
| http://www.fredolsencruises.com
|-
| C. Columbus
| Hapy Lloyd Cruises
| 1997
| 420
| 170
| 15,000
| http://www.hlcruises.com
|-
| Gemini
| Happy Cruises S.A.
| 1992
| 800
| 385
| 19,093
| http://www.happycruises.eu/en/quail_gemini_main.html
|-
| Nieuw Amsterdam
| Holland America Line Inc.
| 1983
| 2,100
| 800
| 86,000
| http://www.hollandamerica.com
|-
| Westerdam
| Holland American Line Inc.
| 2004
| 1,916
| 800
| 82,500
| http://www.hollandamerica.com
|-
| Grand Celebration
| Iberocruceros S.L.
| 2008
| 1,896
| 920
| 47,626
| http://www.ibercruceros.com
|-
| MSC Armonia
| MSC Crociere
| 2001
| 2,087
| 700
| 58,625
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Magnifca
| MSC Crociere
| 2010
| 2,518
| 1,027
| 93,330
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Musica
| MSC Crociere
| 2006
| 2,550
| 987
| 89,600
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Opera
| MSC Crociere
| 2004
| 1,712
| 740
| 59,000
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| Seabourn Spirit
| Sebourn Cruise Line
| 1989
| 208
| 164
| 10,00
| http://www.seabourn.com
|-
| Seabourn Odyssey
| Sebourn Cruise Line
| 2009
| 450
| 330
| 32,00
| http://www.seabourn.com
|-
| Sea Cloud Hussar
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 2009
| 136
| 90
| 3,000
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Sea Cloud II
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 2001
| 96
| 56
| 3,000
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Sea Cloud
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 1931
| 68
| 60
| 2,532
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Vision of the Seas
| Royal Caribbean International
| 1998
| 2,435
| 765
| 78,491
| http://www.rccl.com
|-
| Splendour of the Seas
| Royal Caribbean International
| 1995
| 2,076
| 720
| 90,000
| http://www.rccl.com
|-
| Star Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 1989
| 2,600
| 1,150
| 109,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Ruby Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 2008
| 3,800
| 1,200
| 113,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Pacific Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 1985
| 1,100
| 780
| 30,277
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Crown Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 2006
| 3,080
| 1,200
| 113,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Astor
| Premicon Kreuzfahrt GmbH & Co.
| 1986
| 650
| 300
| 20,159
| http://www.transocean.de/kreuzfahrten.htm
|-
| Regatta
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 1998
| 684
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Nautica
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 1998
| 684
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Insignia
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 2003
| 680
| 373
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Norwegian Gem
| Norwegian Cruise Line
| 2007
| 2,466
| 1,154
| 93,502
| http://www.ncl.com
|}

----

==References==
*"Summer 09: Destination Focus Europe: Driving Expansion - Cruise Industry News | Cruise News " http://www.cruiseindustrynews.com/cruise-news-articles/67-articles/2892-summer-09-destination-focus-europe-driving-expansion.html (accessed 9/16/2010, 2010).
*Venezia Terminal Passeggeri. (n.d.). Retrieved November 1, 2010, from http://www.vtp.it/
*http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
*http://www.celebritycruises.com
*http://www.ponant.com
*http://www.cic-cruises.com
*http://www.costacrociere.it
*http://www.crystalcruises.com
*http://www.cunard.com
*http://www.cic-cruises.com
*http://www.fredolsencruises.com
*http://www.hlcruises.com
*http://www.hollandamerica.com
*http://www.ibercruceros.com
*http://www.msccrociere.it
*http://www.ncl.com
*http://www.oceaniacruises.com
*http://www.princess.com
*http://www.rccl.com
*http://www.seabourn.com
*http://www.vtp.it/azienda/statistiche.jsp
*Saari,Erin Lee Student author -- CM, O'Brien,Christopher J.Student author -- ME, Davis,Cortney M.Student author -- BIO, Bellingham,Shane Patrick Student author -- ME, Carrera,Fabio Faculty advisor -- ID, & Cocola,James Faculty advisor -- HU. (2011). Cruise control -- cruise ships influencing the city of venice. Worcester, MA: Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
*Venezia Terminal Passeggeri S.p.A. (2011). Venezia terminal passeggeri S.p.A. guide book. Retrieved 11/20, 2012, from http://operatori.vtp.it/risorse/allegati/brochure_armatori_2011.pdf

*http://sit.comune.venezia.it/cartanet/cartanet.asp?idcat=13

[[Category:Cruise ships]]

Cruise ships

2012-12-18T13:43:10Z

Lmccarthy:

[[Image:Cruise_Ship_Ports.png|thumb|300px|Figure 2-7: The port facilities of Venice]]
[[Image:Cruise_Ship_Passenger_Transportation_Choices.png|thumb|300px|Figure 2-8: Directions of cruise ship passengers]]
[[File:crusin.jpg|thumb|right|Example of a cruise ship in Venice]]

Cruise ships are large commercial passenger ships used for vacations. Cruise ships have become increasingly popular recently bringing both benefits and consequences to the communities they visit. Over the years Venice has become a very popular destination for cruise ships. From 1997 to 2011, Venice’s port has seen an increase of 496.57% in the number of passengers embarking and disembarking (see Figure 2-1 in section Cruise Ship Growth below). In 2011 alone, 1,786,416 people passed through Venice by way of cruise ships, which is an increase of more than 160,000 passengers, or 10.48%.
<br>
Venice is visited by cruise ships hundreds of times a year; in 2012, cruise ships will dock in Venice 573 times, mostly during the spring to early autumn months. To accommodate such frequent visits from large ships, Venice has three separate areas where cruise ships can dock. The largest ship terminal is the Marittima, which can handle several cruise ships at a time. San Basilio is used mostly for smaller cruise ships and large yachts. Lastly, Riva dei Sette Martiri is used almost exclusively for yachts, because nearby residents object to large ships blocking the view. A map of the city of Venice with the cruise ship ports is shown in Figure 2-7.
<br>
Some cruise ships are port of call ships, meaning that they come in the morning to let passengers off and leave in the evening when all of the passengers have returned to the ship. This means that the passengers are exploring the city of Venice all day. Other ships are home port ships, or turn-around ships. Turn-around ships imply that all the passengers get off and new passengers get on, meaning that the amount of people brought to Venice by each ship, both directly and indirectly, is doubled, resulting in a very large volume of people in the same area during the time between arrival and departure.
<br>
With so many cruise ships and passengers traveling in and out of Venice, it is important to know where people are going to help understand their impact on the city. On five separate days in late October and early November of 2011, a team of students counted 15,438 passengers from 14 different turn-around cruise ships. According to the data, 39% of those cruise ship passengers took the buses, 21% took land taxis to the mainland, and 25% took various boats because of their effective way of maneuvering through Venice. The remainder of the people either took the people mover (9%) or walked (6%). A previous team created a graphic to display these findings, and their graphic is shown below in Figure 2-8.

==Cruise Ship Growth==
[[Image:Venice_Cruise_Ship_Passengers_by_Year.png|thumb|400x240px|Figure 2-2: Increasing Cruise Ship Passengers Over Time]]

The cruising industry has grown substantially in the past 10 years. The popularity of the cruise ship industry has added an additional 15% of tourists in recent years, and is only becoming more popular as time goes on. This increasing trend, which has increased by 500% since 1997, can be seen by the graph Figure 2-2. It shows the total number of passengers arriving by cruise ships to Venice’s port each year.

==Economic Impact==

The cruise ship passengers are expected to spend approximately 57 euros at each port they visit and with an average of 2,500 passengers that is over 140,000 euros at each port visited. At each homeport visited each passegner is expected to spend 106 euros and with 2,500 people on a cruise this equals 265,000 euros. Since Venice is a homeport as well, the numerous ships cause a significant economic benefit.

==Venice as a Port==

In the past 10 years Venice has quadrupled the number of passengers that it has seen enter by cruise ship. As a result, it has become the 4th most popular port in Europe and 11th in the world.

==Venice as a Homeport==

Venice is the homeport to many different cruise ships. It was the first homeport in the Mediterranean and today is the number one homeport of the Mediterranean according to the [[Venice Port Authority]].

==Noise Pollution of Cruise Ships==

The ever present cruise ships tied up at the Venetian docks are one of the largest sources of noise in the city. Noise ordinance allows for the docks to maintain a much higher level of volume than the city around it, and the cruise ships are appropriate to the zoning on the docks. However, this does not mean that the cruise ships do not break the zoning within the city itself. When tied up overnight, the hum of the engines will violate the 40dB sound ordinance of Venice proper at night. Furthermore, the huge number of tourists that cruise ships bring produces additional noise for the city.

===Homeport Ships===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ship
! Company
! Year Built
! Passenger Capacity
! Crew Capacity
! Tonnage (Size)
! Website
|-
| Azamara Journey
| Azamara Club Cruises
| 2000
| 694
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
|-
| Azamara Quest
| Azamara Club Cruises
| 2000
| 702
| 410
| 30,277
| http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
|-
| Celebrity Equinox
| Celebrity Cruises Inc
| 2009
| 2,850
| 1,250
| 122,000
| http://www.celebritycruises.com
|-
| Le Boreal
| Compagnie Des Iles Du Ponant
| 2010
| 200
| 140
| 10,700
| http://www.ponant.com
|-
| Arion
| Constellation Cruise Holdings
| 2010
| 200
| 140
| 10,700
| http://www.cic-cruises.com
|-
| Costa Deliziosa
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2010
| 2,828
| 1,100
| 92,700
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Fortuna
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2004
| 3,470
| 1,027
| 102,587
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Serena
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2007
| 3,000
| 1,100
| 114,500
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Victoria
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 1996
| 1,950
| 800
| 75,166
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Crystal Serenity
| Crystal Cruises Inc.
| 2003
| 1,080
| 655
| 68,000
| http://www.crystalcruises.com
|-
| Queen Victoria
| Cunard Line Ltd
| 2007
| 2,000
| 900
| 90,000
| http://www.cunard.com
|-
| Vistamar
| Ellevi Shipping S.r.l.
| 2008
| 290
| 110
| 7,500
| http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=380425
|-
| Athena
| First Quality Cruises Inc.
| 2007
| 390
| 260
| 40,012
| http://www.cic-cruises.com
|-
| Balmoral
| Fred Olson Cruise Lines Ltd
| 1988
| 1,230
| 471
| 43,537
| http://www.fredolsencruises.com
|-
| C. Columbus
| Hapy Lloyd Cruises
| 1997
| 420
| 170
| 15,000
| http://www.hlcruises.com
|-
| Gemini
| Happy Cruises S.A.
| 1992
| 800
| 385
| 19,093
| http://www.happycruises.eu/en/quail_gemini_main.html
|-
| Nieuw Amsterdam
| Holland America Line Inc.
| 1983
| 2,100
| 800
| 86,000
| http://www.hollandamerica.com
|-
| Westerdam
| Holland American Line Inc.
| 2004
| 1,916
| 800
| 82,500
| http://www.hollandamerica.com
|-
| Grand Celebration
| Iberocruceros S.L.
| 2008
| 1,896
| 920
| 47,626
| http://www.ibercruceros.com
|-
| MSC Armonia
| MSC Crociere
| 2001
| 2,087
| 700
| 58,625
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Magnifca
| MSC Crociere
| 2010
| 2,518
| 1,027
| 93,330
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Musica
| MSC Crociere
| 2006
| 2,550
| 987
| 89,600
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Opera
| MSC Crociere
| 2004
| 1,712
| 740
| 59,000
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| Seabourn Spirit
| Sebourn Cruise Line
| 1989
| 208
| 164
| 10,00
| http://www.seabourn.com
|-
| Seabourn Odyssey
| Sebourn Cruise Line
| 2009
| 450
| 330
| 32,00
| http://www.seabourn.com
|-
| Sea Cloud Hussar
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 2009
| 136
| 90
| 3,000
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Sea Cloud II
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 2001
| 96
| 56
| 3,000
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Sea Cloud
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 1931
| 68
| 60
| 2,532
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Vision of the Seas
| Royal Caribbean International
| 1998
| 2,435
| 765
| 78,491
| http://www.rccl.com
|-
| Splendour of the Seas
| Royal Caribbean International
| 1995
| 2,076
| 720
| 90,000
| http://www.rccl.com
|-
| Star Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 1989
| 2,600
| 1,150
| 109,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Ruby Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 2008
| 3,800
| 1,200
| 113,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Pacific Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 1985
| 1,100
| 780
| 30,277
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Crown Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 2006
| 3,080
| 1,200
| 113,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Astor
| Premicon Kreuzfahrt GmbH & Co.
| 1986
| 650
| 300
| 20,159
| http://www.transocean.de/kreuzfahrten.htm
|-
| Regatta
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 1998
| 684
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Nautica
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 1998
| 684
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Insignia
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 2003
| 680
| 373
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Norwegian Gem
| Norwegian Cruise Line
| 2007
| 2,466
| 1,154
| 93,502
| http://www.ncl.com
|}

----

==References==
*"Summer 09: Destination Focus Europe: Driving Expansion - Cruise Industry News | Cruise News " http://www.cruiseindustrynews.com/cruise-news-articles/67-articles/2892-summer-09-destination-focus-europe-driving-expansion.html (accessed 9/16/2010, 2010).
*Venezia Terminal Passeggeri. (n.d.). Retrieved November 1, 2010, from http://www.vtp.it/
*http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
*http://www.celebritycruises.com
*http://www.ponant.com
*http://www.cic-cruises.com
*http://www.costacrociere.it
*http://www.crystalcruises.com
*http://www.cunard.com
*http://www.cic-cruises.com
*http://www.fredolsencruises.com
*http://www.hlcruises.com
*http://www.hollandamerica.com
*http://www.ibercruceros.com
*http://www.msccrociere.it
*http://www.ncl.com
*http://www.oceaniacruises.com
*http://www.princess.com
*http://www.rccl.com
*http://www.seabourn.com
*http://www.vtp.it/azienda/statistiche.jsp
*Saari,Erin Lee Student author -- CM, O'Brien,Christopher J.Student author -- ME, Davis,Cortney M.Student author -- BIO, Bellingham,Shane Patrick Student author -- ME, Carrera,Fabio Faculty advisor -- ID, & Cocola,James Faculty advisor -- HU. (2011). Cruise control -- cruise ships influencing the city of venice. Worcester, MA: Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
*Venezia Terminal Passeggeri S.p.A. (2011). Venezia terminal passeggeri S.p.A. guide book. Retrieved 11/20, 2012, from http://operatori.vtp.it/risorse/allegati/brochure_armatori_2011.pdf

*http://sit.comune.venezia.it/cartanet/cartanet.asp?idcat=13

[[Category:Cruise ships]]

Main Page

2012-12-18T13:31:42Z

Lmccarthy:

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2012-12-18T13:27:06Z

Lmccarthy:

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'''Venipedia''' is a non-commercial wiki-based website dedicated to providing original information and data about the city of Venice, Italy. With the goal of cataloging and understanding every aspect of the unique culture, organization, and history, Venipedia seeks to provide English-speakers with a definitive compendium of up-to-date data on the incredible examples of human achievement found in Venice. Venipedia aims to fill the information gap left by other online knowledge bases by serving as a more detailed and data-oriented primary resource. Whether you are a curious individual or an official organization conducting research, Venipedia is dedicated to preserving all that Venice has to offer the world, and making it available to you.

To learn more about the purpose, content, and approach that separates Venipedia from other online resources visit the [[Help:About|About Venipedia]] page.
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[[File:Analytics 2010-2012.JPG|thumb]] <br>
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*...that the [[Centro Maree]] is responsible for sending out the tide forecast and acqua alta warnings in Venice?
*...there are 1,098 [[coats of arms]] in Venice?
*...that Venice is the [[cruise ship]] capital of the Mediterranean?
*...there are 238 [[wellheads]] in Venice?
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*...that the Venetian [[Sewage disposal|sewage]] system was once the most advanced in the world?
*...the greatest flood in history was the [[flood of 1966]] which destroyed billions of dollars worth of art?
*...the [[Streets|2650 streets]] of Venice are connected by [[Bridges|433 bridges]]?
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File:Gatolo.jpg

2012-12-18T13:22:32Z

Lmccarthy: Lmccarthy uploaded "File:Gatolo.jpg"

The outlet of a gatolo in Venice.

File:VeniceUtilities.jpg

2012-12-18T13:22:14Z

Lmccarthy:

File:Sewage outlet.jpg

2012-12-18T13:21:58Z

Lmccarthy:

Sewage disposal

2012-12-18T13:20:33Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "An outlet of a gatolo in Venice Sewage disposal is the process in which [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage sewage] is transported through cit..."

[[File:Gatolo.jpg|thumb|350px|An outlet of a gatolo in Venice]]
Sewage disposal is the process in which [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage sewage] is transported through cities and inhabited areas to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment sewage treatment] plants, where it is then treated to remove contaminants to produce environmentally-safe waste. Disposal of sewage waste protects public health and prevents disease as well as [[Crisis factors that endanger venice|water pollution]] from sewage contaminants. Many modern cities have sewage disposal systems, and advancing technology has allowed for more environmentally friendly and healthy solutions to disposing and treating sewage. Sewage systems are part of modern infrastructure and [[UnderConstruction:Venetian Utilities|urban utilities]], which also include gas, electric, and water supply.

Venice is very unique in terms of its sewage disposal; the [[Canal|canals]] are the main way waste is disposed of in Venice, though new technology has improved the sewage aspect of Venice's infrastructure. However, bringing a more modern, efficient sewage disposal system to Venice is a challenge that currently has many obstacles.

==History==

Venice has been, historically, one of Europe’s cleanest cities. 15th-century Venetians dealt with their waste by flinging it out into the streets, as many medieval people did; Venice's streets were made of water, however, and the [[tides]] conveniently swept waste out to sea twice a day. <ref name="VeniceMaze">{{cite book |author= Robert C. Davis and Garry R. Marvin |title= Venice, the Tourist Maze |year= 2004}}</ref> This kept Venice clean of waste compared with other cities, utilizing the power of the tides and Venice’s nature as a city of water to remove waste long before modern [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_collection_and_disposal sewage disposal systems] existed. As a result, Venice developed one of the first sewer systems to be implemented in the world; the unique, gravity-driven system of underground channels and waste water drainage is called a fognatura.<ref>{{cite web |url=
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fognatura |title=Fognatura}}</ref>

[[File:Sewage outlet.jpg|left|thumb|350px|A sboccho in a damaged canal wall]]

In the 16th century, a network of tunnels was put in place in the [[Canal Wall|walls]] and under the pavement of walkways in Venice to collect [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage waste water] and rain water. These tunnels, called “gatoli,” collected and channeled the city’s waste water, which would then flow out into the waters of the lagoon.<ref>{{cite web |url=
http://www.insula.it/index.php/attivita-servizi/infrastrutture-urbane-e-viabilita/179-adeguamento-e-rinnovo-del-sistema-fognario |title=Insula |year= 2010}}</ref> [[Gatoli]] are still present in Venice today as a means of channeling waste away from the city; however, they are centuries old, and are becoming damaged or falling apart in addition to not being able to handle the high number of people always present in modern Venice. Additionally, the physical outlets where sewage waste enter the canals, called [[sbocchi]], are as old as the Venetian foundations they are in, and are in disrepair as well, as seen in the picture on the left where a sboccho in a highly damaged canal wall is revealed during [[canal maintenance]] by [[Insula S.p.A.]].

The use of canals as a sewage disposal system in Venice has come to an unpleasant surprise to the visitors and [[Tourism|tourists]] of Venice for hundreds of years, and the stereotype of Venice's water as filthy and dangerous is just as old.<ref name="VeniceMaze"> </ref> The presence of sewage in the canals contributes to the unpleasant smell that tourists complain of, and locals often attribute the smell to "naturally occurring algae and silt" in the canals, though the sewage is the real culprit. Venice's antiquated sewage system is very different from modern sewer systems found in other urban areas around the world, which is part of why tourists are so shocked and exaggerate the smell. Local Venetians ignore the stench of the canals as they are simply used to it.

===Modern Day===
The main sewage disposal system in Venice today continues to be the canals and naturally occurring tides. As new technology has become available, newer forms of sewage disposal have been implemented. However, these changes have not been made throughout the whole city, and not uniformly to all of Venice's buildings, so the current sewage disposal system is a patchwork of old and new and still does not fully function to the city's needs. The edges of the physical city and the peripheral islands, such as the areas of St. Helena, Giudecca, Santa Marta, and [[Murano]], have more modern networks of sewage disposal, but many still dispose directly into the [[lagoon]]'s waters. A central sewage treatment plant was built in Porto Marghera in the 1980s, but it is far removed from the main center of the city of Venice. Sewage is removed and treated there when possible, but some sewage continues to enter directly into the canals. Venice has 140 small biological plants installed throughout the city for waste treatment, and more than 6,000 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_tank septic tanks].<ref>{{cite web |url=
http://www.iwahq.org/nl/events/iwa-events/2011/small-water-systems-2011.html
|title=10th Specialized Conference on Small Water and Wasterwater Systems, International Water Association}}</ref> Private residences and businesses such as [[hotels]] are required to have their own septic tanks in Venice to help alleviate some of the problems caused by sewage, but the sheer number of people and amount of sewage plus the outdated sewage systems have been causing a variety of problems in Venice.

==Sewage Problems==

Venice's sewage problems are twofold: a lack of proper treatment of sewage poses a threat to public health, and the network of tunnels and channels that currently exist as the main sewage disposal system in Venice can cause structural damage to the city.

===Health Risks===
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneto Veneto] region, where Venice is located, has only 70% wastewater treatment coverage as a whole, and Venice in particular has a lack of sufficient sewage networks.<ref name="OECD">{{cite book |author= Michael G. Donovan |title= OECD territorial reviews; Venice, Italy 2010 |publisher= OECD Publishing |year= 2010}}</ref> Venice's 16th-century sewage system of the gatoli and canals, while once revolutionary, is now outdated and inadequate for a modern city. Some houses and apartments still discharge sewage directly into the canals of Venice without treatment other than the removal of solids.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/7835/7835sci1.html |title=Safeguarding Venice}}</ref> Health standards have increased in modern times, and directly depositing sewage into the canals is unsanitary and even dangerous, as the sewage contaminates the canals' water with bacteria and other contaminates hazardous to humans. Significant levels of hepatitis A and enteroviruses have been detected in Venice's canals in relation to the lack of proper sewage treatment, and even though swimming in the canals is forbidden, the [[Acqua Alta|seasonal flooding]] in Venice exposes tourists and locals to the dangers of untreated sewage.<ref name="OECD"> </ref> Not only is the presence of sewage in the canals revolting to tourists, it threatens public health in this historic city.

===Structural Risks===
Venice's antiquated sewage disposal system also threatens the structural integrity of the foundations and [[Canal Wall|canal walls]] throughout the city. The disposal of sewage directly into the canals contributes to [[sedimentation]], the long-term buildup of [[Sedimentation|sediments]] and solids in the canals. The buildup of sediment over time can cause the canals to become so shallow during low tides that they become impassable. Additionally, if the sedimentation blocks the sewage outlets of the buildings adjacent to the canals, the outlets can burst and cause severe damage. The foundations of these buildings become flooded with sea water and sediment, which damages not only the masonry and mortar, but also the other infrastructure systems in place. In 1999, a study of the sedimentation in Venice determined that 12 percent of all sediments in the canals come from sewage discharge, a significantly large amount. <ref>{{cite book|author= Alexander Borrelli, Matthew Crawford, James Horstick, and Izzettin Halil Ozbas |title= Quantification of Sediment Sources in the City of Venice, Italy |publisher= Interactive Qualifying Project, Worcester Polytechnic Institute |year= 1999}}</ref> Sedimentation from sewage is one of the main causes of [[Canal Wall Damage|canal wall damage]] in this way, a direct result of the inadequate sewage system in Venice.

==Maintenance, Research & Plans==
The City of Venice has been working on solving the sewage-related problems in Venice. Current preventative [[Canal Maintenance|maintenance]] helps the current state of the canals, research in Venice has helped identify possible solutions to the difficult nature of sewage systems in Venice, and future plans hope to solve the issues created by a lack of an adequate sewage system.

[[File:VeniceUtilities.jpg|thumb|400px|Utilities in Venice exposed by an Insula maintenance project]]

===Maintenance===
[[Canal Wall maintenance|Maintenance]] performed on the canals of Venice tie directly to the sewage outlets present in the canal walls, and help alleviate some of the problems caused by sewage. [[Insula]], the city's maintenance consortium, does a wide variety of maintenance projects including work to the canals and sewer system. Insula dredges Venice's canals to get rid of the damaging sedimentation that has built up over the years, and repairs the infrastructure that has been damaged by sediment buildup. Additionally, Insula repairs canal walls and sewer outlets that have deteriorated over time, sealing sewer pipes to prevent the tides from causing deterioration.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.insula.it/index.php/attivita-servizi/infrastrutture-urbane-e-viabilita |title= Insula, Infrastrutture urbane e Viabilità |year= 2010}}</ref> Insula has done adaptations to the current sewage disposal system as well, optimizing it for better function that will be easier to maintain and cause less of the sewage-related problems present in Venice. The sbocchi, originally at 1.8 meters below the zero sea level, were rebuilt higher at 1.3 meters and 0.8 meters to ensure they function correctly. Once this sewage is discharged into the canals, however, the system is still dependent on the tides to carry the sewage from the city out to sea. Preventative maintenance can only do so much for the current sewage system and the buildup of sediments in Venice's canals.

===Research===
Much research has been done to look into the Venetian sewage disposal system and ways it has affected the city as well as ways to improve it. A 1999 project investigated the sedimentation issue resulting in part from the disposal of sewage directly into the canals, and in 1997 a project studied the possible use of a HIFLO Vacuum Sewage System within the city as a new sewage disposal solution.<ref>{{cite book |author= Martin Felices, Lauren Goodfellow, Jay Johnston, and Sonali Maheshwary |title= A Preliminary Study of a HIFLO Vacuum Sewage System within the city of Venice, Italy |publisher= Interactive Qualifying Project, Worcester Polytechnic Institute |year= 1997}}</ref> This type of sewage system is specifically designed to handle high volumes of sewage that are produced in high density population areas in cities. Research such as these projects have taken steps towards understanding the nature of the sewage problems in Venice and ways they can be successfully addressed.

===Plans===
Insula and the city of Venice have continued plans for regular maintenance of Venice infrastructure, including its sewage disposal system. However, large renovations and changes to the existing system are difficult because of the age of the system, the variety of different systems implemented in different parts of the city, and the need to preserve Venice's historic areas while doing maintenance projects. Insula has dedicated itself to maintaining Venice while preserving the historical and cultural integrity of its structures, putting stones back exactly as they were before maintenance, but installing new systems becomes very difficult because of this. Modern sewage systems like those present in other cities are not an option for Venice, and Venetian officials are working with limited funding in addition to the preservation obstacle in bringing a newer, more adequate sewage disposal system to Venice.

==See Also==
* [[Category: Urban Maintenance]]
* [[Venetian utilities]]
* [[canals|Canals]]
* [[Crisis factors that endanger venice|Water pollution]]
* [[gatoli]]
* [[Insula]]

==References==
<references />

==External Links==
http://www.insula.it/

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2012-12-18T13:14:05Z

Lmccarthy:

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'''Venipedia''' is a non-commercial wiki-based website dedicated to providing original information and data about the city of Venice, Italy. With the goal of cataloging and understanding every aspect of the unique culture, organization, and history, Venipedia seeks to provide English-speakers with a definitive compendium of up-to-date data on the incredible examples of human achievement found in Venice. Venipedia aims to fill the information gap left by other online knowledge bases by serving as a more detailed and data-oriented primary resource. Whether you are a curious individual or an official organization conducting research, Venipedia is dedicated to preserving all that Venice has to offer the world, and making it available to you.

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*...there are 238 [[wellheads]] in Venice?
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*...that the Venetian [[sewage]] system was once the most advanced in the world?
*...the greatest flood in history was the [[flood of 1966]] which destroyed billions of dollars worth of art?
*...the [[Streets|2650 streets]] of Venice are connected by [[Bridges|433 bridges]]?
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'''Venipedia''' is a non-commercial wiki-based website dedicated to providing original information and data about the city of Venice, Italy. With the goal of cataloging and understanding every aspect of the unique culture, organization, and history, Venipedia seeks to provide English-speakers with a definitive compendium of up-to-date data on the incredible examples of human achievement found in Venice. Venipedia aims to fill the information gap left by other online knowledge bases by serving as a more detailed and data-oriented primary resource. Whether you are a curious individual or an official organization conducting research, Venipedia is dedicated to preserving all that Venice has to offer the world, and making it available to you.

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[[Category:ArticleFeedbackBlacklist]]

Category:Informal economy

2012-12-13T11:29:57Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Retail"

[[Category:Retail]]

Cruise ships

2012-12-13T11:29:04Z

Lmccarthy:

[[Image:Cruise_Ship_Ports.png|thumb|300px|Figure 2-7: The port facilities of Venice]]
[[Image:Cruise_Ship_Passenger_Transportation_Choices.png|thumb|300px|Figure 2-8: Directions of cruise ship passengers]]
[[File:crusin.jpg|thumb|right|Example of a cruise ship in Venice]]

Cruise ships are large passenger ships used commercially for pleasure vacations. Cruise ships have become increasingly popular recently bringing both benefits and consequences to the communities they visit. Over the years Venice has become a very popular destination for cruise ships. From 1997 to 2011, Venice’s port has seen an increase of 496.57% in the number of passengers embarking and disembarking (see Figure 2-1 in section Cruise Ship Growth below). In 2011 alone, 1,786,416 people passed through Venice by way of cruise ships, which is an increase of more than 160,000 passengers, or 10.48%. Venice is visited by cruise ships hundreds of times a year; in 2012, cruise ships will dock in Venice 573 times, mostly during the spring to early autumn months. To accommodate such frequent visits from large ships, Venice has three separate areas where cruise ships can dock. The largest ship terminal is the Marittima, which can handle several cruise ships at a time. San Basilio is used mostly for smaller cruise ships and large yachts. Lastly, Riva dei Sette Martiri is used almost exclusively for yachts, because nearby residents object to large ships blocking the view. A map of the city of Venice with the cruise ship ports is shown in Figure 2-7.

Some cruise ships are port of call ships, meaning that they come in the morning to let passengers off and leave in the evening when all of the passengers have returned to the ship. This means that the passengers are exploring the city of Venice all day. Other ships are home port ships, or turn-around ships. Turn-around ships imply that all the passengers get off and new passengers get on, meaning that the amount of people brought to Venice by each ship, both directly and indirectly, is doubled, resulting in a very large volume of people in the same area during the time between arrival and departure.

With so many cruise ships and passengers traveling in and out of Venice, it is important to know where people are going to help understand their impact on the City. On five separate days in late October and early November of 2011, a team of students counted 15,438 passengers from 14 different turn-around cruise ships. According to the data, 39% of those cruise ship passengers took the buses, 21% took land taxis to the mainland, and 25% took various boats because of their effective way of maneuvering through Venice. The remainder of the people either took the People Mover (9%) or walked (6%). A previous team created a graphic to display these findings, and their graphic is shown below in Figure 2-8.

==Cruise Ship Growth==
[[Image:Venice_Cruise_Ship_Passengers_by_Year.png|thumb|400x240px|Figure 2-2: Increasing Cruise Ship Passengers Over Time]]

The cruising industry has grown substantially in the past 10 years. The popularity of the cruise ship industry has added an additional 15% of tourists in recent years, and is only becoming more popular as time goes on. This increasing trend, which has increased by 500% since 1997, can be seen by the graph Figure 2-2. It shows the total number of passengers arriving by cruise ships to Venice’s port each year.

==Economic Impact==

The cruise ship passengers are expected to spend approximately 57 euros at each port they visit and with an average of 2,500 passengers that is over 140,000 Euros at each port visited. At each homeport visited each passegner is expected to spend 106 euros and with 2,500 people on a cruise this is 265,000 Euros. Since Venice is a homeport to so many ships the economic benefit is very significant.

==Venice as a Port==

In the past 10 years Venice has quadrupled the number of passengers that it has seen enter by cruise ship. This has caused it to become the 4th most popular port in Europe and stand 11th worldwide.

==Venice as a Homeport==

Venice is the homeport to many different cruise ships. It was the first homeport in the Mediterranean and today is the number one homeport of the Mediterranean according to the [[Venice Port Authority]].

==Noise Pollution of Cruise Ships==

The ever present number of Cruise ships tied up in the Venice Docks are one of the largest sources of noise in the city. Noise ordinance allows for the docks to maintain a much higher volume level than the city around it, and the cruise ships are appropriate to the zoning on the docks. This, however, does not mean that the cruise ships do not break the zoning within the city itself. When tied up overnight, the ever present hum of the engines will violate the 40dB sound ordinance of Venice proper at night. Furthermore, the huge numbers of toursits that cruise ships bring produce additional noise for the city.

===Homeport Ships===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ship
! Company
! Year Built
! Passenger Capacity
! Crew Capacity
! Tonnage (Size)
! Website
|-
| Azamara Journey
| Azamara Club Cruises
| 2000
| 694
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
|-
| Azamara Quest
| Azamara Club Cruises
| 2000
| 702
| 410
| 30,277
| http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
|-
| Celebrity Equinox
| Celebrity Cruises Inc
| 2009
| 2,850
| 1,250
| 122,000
| http://www.celebritycruises.com
|-
| Le Boreal
| Compagnie Des Iles Du Ponant
| 2010
| 200
| 140
| 10,700
| http://www.ponant.com
|-
| Arion
| Constellation Cruise Holdings
| 2010
| 200
| 140
| 10,700
| http://www.cic-cruises.com
|-
| Costa Deliziosa
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2010
| 2,828
| 1,100
| 92,700
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Fortuna
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2004
| 3,470
| 1,027
| 102,587
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Serena
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 2007
| 3,000
| 1,100
| 114,500
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Costa Victoria
| Costa Crociere S.p.A.
| 1996
| 1,950
| 800
| 75,166
| http://www.costacrociere.it
|-
| Crystal Serenity
| Crystal Cruises Inc.
| 2003
| 1,080
| 655
| 68,000
| http://www.crystalcruises.com
|-
| Queen Victoria
| Cunard Line Ltd
| 2007
| 2,000
| 900
| 90,000
| http://www.cunard.com
|-
| Vistamar
| Ellevi Shipping S.r.l.
| 2008
| 290
| 110
| 7,500
| http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=380425
|-
| Athena
| First Quality Cruises Inc.
| 2007
| 390
| 260
| 40,012
| http://www.cic-cruises.com
|-
| Balmoral
| Fred Olson Cruise Lines Ltd
| 1988
| 1,230
| 471
| 43,537
| http://www.fredolsencruises.com
|-
| C. Columbus
| Hapy Lloyd Cruises
| 1997
| 420
| 170
| 15,000
| http://www.hlcruises.com
|-
| Gemini
| Happy Cruises S.A.
| 1992
| 800
| 385
| 19,093
| http://www.happycruises.eu/en/quail_gemini_main.html
|-
| Nieuw Amsterdam
| Holland America Line Inc.
| 1983
| 2,100
| 800
| 86,000
| http://www.hollandamerica.com
|-
| Westerdam
| Holland American Line Inc.
| 2004
| 1,916
| 800
| 82,500
| http://www.hollandamerica.com
|-
| Grand Celebration
| Iberocruceros S.L.
| 2008
| 1,896
| 920
| 47,626
| http://www.ibercruceros.com
|-
| MSC Armonia
| MSC Crociere
| 2001
| 2,087
| 700
| 58,625
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Magnifca
| MSC Crociere
| 2010
| 2,518
| 1,027
| 93,330
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Musica
| MSC Crociere
| 2006
| 2,550
| 987
| 89,600
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| MSC Opera
| MSC Crociere
| 2004
| 1,712
| 740
| 59,000
| http://www.msccrociere.it
|-
| Seabourn Spirit
| Sebourn Cruise Line
| 1989
| 208
| 164
| 10,00
| http://www.seabourn.com
|-
| Seabourn Odyssey
| Sebourn Cruise Line
| 2009
| 450
| 330
| 32,00
| http://www.seabourn.com
|-
| Sea Cloud Hussar
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 2009
| 136
| 90
| 3,000
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Sea Cloud II
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 2001
| 96
| 56
| 3,000
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Sea Cloud
| Sea Cloud Cruises
| 1931
| 68
| 60
| 2,532
| http://www.seacloud.com
|-
| Vision of the Seas
| Royal Caribbean International
| 1998
| 2,435
| 765
| 78,491
| http://www.rccl.com
|-
| Splendour of the Seas
| Royal Caribbean International
| 1995
| 2,076
| 720
| 90,000
| http://www.rccl.com
|-
| Star Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 1989
| 2,600
| 1,150
| 109,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Ruby Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 2008
| 3,800
| 1,200
| 113,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Pacific Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 1985
| 1,100
| 780
| 30,277
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Crown Princess
| Princess Cruises Inc.
| 2006
| 3,080
| 1,200
| 113,000
| http://www.princess.com
|-
| Astor
| Premicon Kreuzfahrt GmbH & Co.
| 1986
| 650
| 300
| 20,159
| http://www.transocean.de/kreuzfahrten.htm
|-
| Regatta
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 1998
| 684
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Nautica
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 1998
| 684
| 400
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Insignia
| Oceania Cruises Inc.
| 2003
| 680
| 373
| 30,277
| http://www.oceaniacruises.com
|-
| Norwegian Gem
| Norwegian Cruise Line
| 2007
| 2,466
| 1,154
| 93,502
| http://www.ncl.com
|}

----

==References==
*"Summer 09: Destination Focus Europe: Driving Expansion - Cruise Industry News | Cruise News " http://www.cruiseindustrynews.com/cruise-news-articles/67-articles/2892-summer-09-destination-focus-europe-driving-expansion.html (accessed 9/16/2010, 2010).
*Venezia Terminal Passeggeri. (n.d.). Retrieved November 1, 2010, from http://www.vtp.it/
*http://www.azamaraclubcruises.com
*http://www.celebritycruises.com
*http://www.ponant.com
*http://www.cic-cruises.com
*http://www.costacrociere.it
*http://www.crystalcruises.com
*http://www.cunard.com
*http://www.cic-cruises.com
*http://www.fredolsencruises.com
*http://www.hlcruises.com
*http://www.hollandamerica.com
*http://www.ibercruceros.com
*http://www.msccrociere.it
*http://www.ncl.com
*http://www.oceaniacruises.com
*http://www.princess.com
*http://www.rccl.com
*http://www.seabourn.com
*http://www.vtp.it/azienda/statistiche.jsp
*Saari,Erin Lee Student author -- CM, O'Brien,Christopher J.Student author -- ME, Davis,Cortney M.Student author -- BIO, Bellingham,Shane Patrick Student author -- ME, Carrera,Fabio Faculty advisor -- ID, & Cocola,James Faculty advisor -- HU. (2011). Cruise control -- cruise ships influencing the city of venice. Worcester, MA: Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
*Venezia Terminal Passeggeri S.p.A. (2011). Venezia terminal passeggeri S.p.A. guide book. Retrieved 11/20, 2012, from http://operatori.vtp.it/risorse/allegati/brochure_armatori_2011.pdf

*http://sit.comune.venezia.it/cartanet/cartanet.asp?idcat=13

[[Category:Cruise ships]]

Cruise ship docking procedures

2012-12-13T11:28:47Z

Lmccarthy:

[[Cruise ships]] must go through several procedures when entering the city of Venice.
[[File:IMG_1001.JPG|thumb|200px|Cruise Ship moving through the Giudecca Canal]]
==History==
Cruise ships have been visiting in Venice for decades. The docking procedures for cruise ships entering Venice haven't undergone any dramatic changes over the years. The only procedure that has changed over the years is the level of security that passengers must pass through when disembarking and boarding the ship.

==Goal==
The goal of the cruise ship docking procedures is to properly ensure the safe arrival of the cruise ship passengers, the ship itself, and (ultimately) the safety of the city of Venice.

==Procedures==
There are several procedures that must be followed to ensure the safe arrival of a cruise ship:
===Clearance===
Cruise ships must obtain proper authorization before entering Venice's waterways. The information used to be processed by hand (using paper), which was usually collected by a representative from the [[Capitaneria di Porto]]. However, most ports now keeps track of all the information on ships through the Logistics Information System (an interactive computer database which port officials use to keep track of transiting ships' logistical needs).

===Pilots===
After a cruise ship obtains proper clearance, a pilot is sent out to properly navigate the ship through the Giudecca Canal. It usually takes about 30 minutes or so for the pilot to reach the cruise ship (from the Marittima). After reaching the ship, it takes the pilot about 45 minutes to make it to the Marittima. However, there are also two other port facilities, San Basilio and Riva Sette Martiri, that a cruise ship may dock.

===Dockers===
[[File:Dockers1.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Dockers in the Marittima]]
Once the Pilot drives the boat close enough to the dock, members from the cruise ship toss down small lines to the dock workers. Once the dockers grab the small line, the members on-board the cruise ship start reeling down the larger lines, which are connected to the small lines. After enough line has been reeled out, the dockers properly secure them to the dock. They repeat the process for several positions along the side of the ship to ensure the ship is properly secured to the dock.

===Security and Customs===
After a cruise ship has been properly docked, disembarking passengers must pass through designated security terminals. The passengers will have to go through a customs checkpoint where their luggage will be checked to ensure it is safe to enter the city. The passengers must also pass through a passport control checkpoint to make sure the passenger is allowed to visit the city/country and is indeed who he/she says they are.

==Port Facilities==
There are three port facilities in Venice that allow cruise ships to dock: the Marittima, San Basilio, and Riva Sette Martiri.

[[File:Marittima3.jpg|right|thumb|500px|The 3 port facilities in Venice: The Marittima, San Basilio, and Riva Sette Martiri]]

===Marittima===
The main port facility in Venice is the "Marittima." A cruise ships is docked in one of the 6 primary zones in the Marittima: 18, 20, 107, 110, 117, and 123. This is where most cruise ship passengers will pass through when visiting Venice.

[[File:Marittima2.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Docks for cruise ships in the Marittima]]

[[File:IMG_0918.JPG||left|thumb|200px|Cruise ships docked in the Marittima]]

===San Basilio===
[[File:San_Basilio1.jpg|thumb|200px|Cruise ship docked in San Basilio]]
The port facility of "San Basilio" serves two primary purposes. First, the port is used for holding cruise ships that have been impounded by the city or require more laborious maintenance. A cruise ship is impounded when it is has been found to be ''unfit for operation''. This could be because the ship's emissions are in violation of environmental codes, the living conditions are not up to current health codes, the ship did not provide proper paperwork/clearance before arriving in Venice, or the ship is in violation of some law or regulation. The [[Capitaneria di Porto]] inspects each cruise ship that arrives in Venice, in conjunction with the [http://www.vtp.it/ Venezia Terminal Passeggeri], and determines when a cruise ship needs to be impounded. The ''impounded'' ships are held in Venice until the ship corrects whichever violations have been made and the ship becomes ''fit for operation'' once again. Secondly, San Basilio is used as an overflow when the Marittima gets full.

===Riva Sette Martiri===
[[File:Riva1.jpg|thumb|200px|The Queen Victoria docked in the Riva Sette Martiri]]
The third port facility in Venice, Riva Sette Martiri, is used primarily as an overflow for cruise ships when the Marittima and San Basilio are full. However, it is also used for ships like the ''Queen Victoria'' that are ''in-transit''. This means that the cruise ship is only stopping to visit Venice, opposed to performing a ''turn-around'' operation, which is when all the passengers disembark the cruise ship and new passengers get on. However, the [[Venice Terminal Passeggeri]] tries to avoid docking ships here because there is no real "facility" here, which makes it harder to perform maintenance on the ship, restock supplies, and have passengers go through proper security screenings. Also, the Venice Terminal Passeggeri must set up fences/gates before the ship arrives so that the passengers pass through the proper security checkpoint(s).

==External Links==
*[http://www.vtp.it/ Venezia Terminal Passeggeri]
*[http://www.port.venice.it/ Venice Port Authority]
*[http://www.guardiacostiera.it/ Capitanerie di Porto-Guardia Costiera]
*[http://www.guardiacostiera.it/capitanerieonline/index.cfm?id=48 Capitanerie di Porto-Guardia Costiera-Venezia]

==References==
Zanforlin, Marco. Venezia Terminal Passeggeri (R.S.P.P/P.F.S.O./A.Q.). Interview conducted by Chris O'Brien. 27 October 2010.

[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Cruise ships]]

Category:Cruise ships

2012-12-13T11:27:57Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Tourism"

[[Category:Tourism]]

Category:Canals

2012-12-13T11:26:53Z

Lmccarthy:

This is a page for all articles relating to the canals in Venice.
[[Category:Infrastructure]]
[[Category:Geography]]

Category:Sestieri

2012-12-13T11:26:26Z

Lmccarthy:

This page lists the sestieri of Venice as well as all articles relating to the sestieri.

[[Category:Geography]]

Category:Lagoon

2012-12-13T11:25:56Z

Lmccarthy:

[[Category:Lagoon]]

Category:Lagoon

2012-12-13T11:25:28Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Sestieri"

[[Category:Sestieri]]

Category:Islands

2012-12-13T11:24:43Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Geography"

[[Category:Geography]]

Category:Water mobility

2012-12-13T11:23:28Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "This category is for pages relating to mobility by water in Venice."

This category is for pages relating to mobility by water in Venice.

Fitabatele

2012-12-13T11:22:31Z

Lmccarthy:

[[Image:Fitabatele2.jpg|thumb|right|200px| Drawing of a ''fitabatele''.]]
Fitabatele are rowboat rental facilties where people could rent rowboats for work or fun, but now motor boats dominate the canals that were once filled with the rowed traditional boats. Due to this overwhelming increase of motor boats, or ''mototopi'', the traditional watercrafts are no longer being maintained, and as a result, are being abandoned. The decline of these boats can most clearly be seen with the decline in ''fitabatele''. Between 1930 and 1960, 18 of the facilities closed down. Then in the next 15 years, 17 more facilities shut down. At one time in history, there were 52 ''fitabatele'', but today, there are none.
[[File:fitabateleclosure.jpg|left|300px| ''Fitabatele'' closures.]]

Locating where the ''fitabatele'' were and the years they declined in, correspond to the introduction and increased use of motor boats. Based on the data collected and analyzed by the Worcester Polytechnic Institute Interactive Qualifying Project team from 2004, it appears that most of these facilities closed between 1960 and 1975. The data shows an inverse relationship between the decline of the ''fitabatele'' and the rise of the motorboats.

The biggest reason why these facilities shut down was because they were no longer a necessity for commercial use as the motorboats came around. Virtually every traditional boat that was once used for the transportation of cargo has been replaced by motor boats. As a result, the only remaining reason to still rent a traditional boat would be for pleasure and leisure. However, the need to do this has been diminished by the increased number of rowing clubs because rowing club membership allows members to use traditional boats whenever they want at their own convenience.

==See Also==
*[[Traditional Boats]]
*[[Maritime Heritage]]
*[[Traghetto]]
*[[Squeri]]
*[[Squerarioli]]

==External Links==
* http://www.arzana.org/

==References==
*Bigda, Bryan, Michelle Dubuke, Daniel LaTorella, and Jennifer Richards. Museo Arzanà: Preserving the Traditional Boats of Venice. Interactive Qualifying Project, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2007.
*Candlish, Sean, Craig Shevlin, and Sarah Stout. The Traditional Boats of Venice: Assessing a Maritime Heritage. Interactive Qualifying Project, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2004.
*Catalano, Brian, Kristen Gervais, and Ryan Sinapius. Preserving the Nautical Traditions and Maritime Heritage of Venice, Italy. Interactive Qualifying Project, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2005.
*Arzana | Per Lo Studio E La Conservazione Delle Imbarcazioni Veneziane. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. <http://www.arzana.org/>.

[[Category:Row boats]]

Category:Taxis

2012-12-13T11:22:05Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Water mobility"

[[Category:Water mobility]]

Category:Canals

2012-12-13T11:20:35Z

Lmccarthy:

This is a page for all articles relating to the canals in Venice.
[[Category:Infrastructure]]

Category:Docks

2012-12-13T11:19:34Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Infrastructure"

[[Category:Infrastructure]]

Category:Row boats

2012-12-13T11:19:18Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Water mobility"

[[Category:Water mobility]]

Category:Cargo

2012-12-13T11:18:56Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Water mobility"

[[Category:Water mobility]]

Category:Plumbing

2012-12-13T11:18:28Z

Lmccarthy:

This page lists all of the articles relating to plumbing.

[[Category:Utilities]]

Category:Solid waste

2012-12-13T11:18:14Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Utilities"

[[Category:Utilities]]

Utilities

2012-12-13T11:16:03Z

Lmccarthy:

Venice's utility grid is composed of electricity, public lighting, gas, and cable lines that travel though out the city under the [[Street Pavement|Pavement]] and [[Bridges]]. Each utility is accessible through individual pavement stones that can be seen on almost every [[Street]] in the city.

== Electricity ==
[[File:Electric.jpg|right|thumb|Electricity grid pavement stone]]
The Electricity grid lines are accessible through pavement stones marked "EN".
{{-}}

== Public Lighting ==
[[File:P_lights.jpg|right|thumb|Public lighting grid pavement stone]]
The public lighting grid pavement stones are marked by "PL" and sometimes "PPL".
{{-}}

== Gas ==
[[File:Gas.jpg|right|thumb|Gas line pavement stone]]
Gas lines are found under pavement stones marked "G".
{{-}}

== Cable ==
[[File:Cable stone.jpg|right|thumb|Cable utility pavement stone]]
The cable grid provides fast internet connection to large companies and government buildings in Venice. These grids are accessible through pavement stones marked "PGC"
{{-}}

== See Also ==
*[[Street Pavement]]
*[[Street]]
*[[Streets]]

== References ==
NULL

==Bibliography==
Ing. Lorenzo Bottazzo, Nov 2011
Ing. Fabio Carrera, Nov 2011

==External Links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilities English Wikipedia article on public utilities]

[[Category:Utilities]]

Category:Streets

2012-12-13T11:15:18Z

Lmccarthy:

This page lists all of the articles relating to streets.

[[Category:Infrastructure]]

Category:Bridges

2012-12-13T11:14:06Z

Lmccarthy:

The Bridges category contains links to all 433 bridges in Venice, as well as to relevant Typical and Aggregate Pages.

[[Category:Infrastructure]]

Category:Wellheads

2012-12-13T11:13:18Z

Lmccarthy:

This page lists all of the articles relating to wellheads.

[[Category:Infrastructure]]

Category:Public transportation

2012-12-13T11:12:32Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Water mobility"

[[Category:Water mobility]]

Category:Utilities

2012-12-13T11:12:03Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "This category concerns the various utilities in Venice."

This category concerns the various utilities in Venice.

Category:Infrastructure

2012-12-13T11:11:30Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "This category is for pages concerned with the infrastructure of Venice."

This category is for pages concerned with the infrastructure of Venice.

Portal:Infrastructure and Mobility/Categories

2012-12-13T11:10:37Z

Lmccarthy:

Category:Wildlife

2012-12-13T11:08:46Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "This category is for the various types of wildlife in Venice."

This category is for the various types of wildlife in Venice.

Category:Air quality

2012-12-13T11:07:23Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Pollution"

[[Category:Pollution]]

Category:Water quality

2012-12-13T11:06:48Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Pollution"

[[Category:Pollution]]

Category:Sound

2012-12-13T11:05:49Z

Lmccarthy: Created page with "Category:Pollution"

[[Category:Pollution]]

Category:Pollution

2012-12-13T11:05:03Z

Lmccarthy:

This category contains subcategories and pages concerned with pollution and environmental hazards in Venice.