https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Sopheaktrachhim 2026-05-05T13:52:43Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.0 https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66901 2014-12-23T01:06:07Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: /* See Also */</p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> The infographic below illustrates the average water flow rate of the fountains in the City with the census tracts.<br /> [[File:Census tracts and water flowrate.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The vast majority of the fountains in the City of Venice run continuously and only a very few of them have a push button to operate. However, for the purpose of this analysis, let's assume that all of the fountains in Venice run continuously just to make the calculations easier. With this assumption, the research team calculated that the City of Venice wastes water about 141,000,000L/year. This is equivalent to the water consumption of about 1000 Italians every year. With this amount of water wastes every year, the City wastes about €141,000 annually. Instead of wasting water and money every year, the City can use it to incorporate a push button on these fountains so that no more water and money will be wasted. Additionally, this money can be used to repaired the broken fountains as well. <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> ==Map==<br /> &lt;fb-map height='500px' list='https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/groups/PV FINAL MERGE 2014 KM Fountains/members' root='https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/data' tooltip='/data/wiki_friendly_title' /&gt;<br /> <br /> =Other=<br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66900 2014-12-23T01:00:08Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> The infographic below illustrates the average water flow rate of the fountains in the City with the census tracts.<br /> [[File:Census tracts and water flowrate.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The vast majority of the fountains in the City of Venice run continuously and only a very few of them have a push button to operate. However, for the purpose of this analysis, let's assume that all of the fountains in Venice run continuously just to make the calculations easier. With this assumption, the research team calculated that the City of Venice wastes water about 141,000,000L/year. This is equivalent to the water consumption of about 1000 Italians every year. With this amount of water wastes every year, the City wastes about €141,000 annually. Instead of wasting water and money every year, the City can use it to incorporate a push button on these fountains so that no more water and money will be wasted. Additionally, this money can be used to repaired the broken fountains as well. <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> ==Map==<br /> &lt;fb-map height='500px' list='https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/groups/PV FINAL MERGE 2014 KM Fountains/members' root='https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/data' tooltip='/data/wiki_friendly_title' /&gt;<br /> <br /> =Other=<br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66876 2014-12-22T23:18:31Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> The infographic below illustrates the average water flow rate of the fountains in the City with the census tracts.<br /> [[File:Census tracts and water flowrate.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The vast majority of the fountains in the City of Venice run continuously and only a very few of them have a push button to operate. However, for the purpose of this analysis, let's assume that all of the fountains in Venice run continuously just to make the calculations easier. With this assumption, the research team calculated that the City of Venice wastes water about 141,000,000L/year. This is equivalent to the water consumption of about 1000 Italians every year. With this amount of water wastes every year, the City wastes about €141,000 annually. Instead of wasting water and money every year, the City can use it to incorporate a push button on these fountains so that no more water and money will be wasted. Additionally, this money can be used to repaired the broken fountains as well. <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> ==Map==<br /> &lt;fb-map height='500px' list='https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/groups/PV FINAL MERGE 2014 KM Fountains/members' root='https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/data' /&gt;<br /> <br /> =Other=<br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66873 2014-12-22T22:53:27Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> The infographic below illustrates the average water flow rate of the fountains in the City with the census tracts.<br /> [[File:Census tracts and water flowrate.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The vast majority of the fountains in the City of Venice run continuously and only a very few of them have a push button to operate. However, for the purpose of this analysis, let's assume that all of the fountains in Venice run continuously just to make the calculations easier. With this assumption, the research team calculated that the City of Venice wastes water about 141,000,000L/year. This is equivalent to the water consumption of about 1000 Italians every year. With this amount of water wastes every year, the City wastes about €141,000 annually. Instead of wasting water and money every year, the City can use it to incorporate a push button on these fountains so that no more water and money will be wasted. Additionally, this money can be used to repaired the broken fountains as well. <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains|url=https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/data/1109fb37-0051-8deb-3d10-c3eb81c61cfa}}<br /> <br /> <br /> =Other=<br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66870 2014-12-22T22:31:40Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> The infographic below illustrates the average water flow rate of the fountains in the City with the census tracts.<br /> [[File:Census tracts and water flowrate.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The vast majority of the fountains in the City of Venice run continuously and only a very few of them have a push button to operate. However, for the purpose of this analysis, let's assume that all of the fountains in Venice run continuously just to make the calculations easier. With this assumption, the research team calculated that the City of Venice wastes water about 141,000,000L/year. This is equivalent to the water consumption of about 1000 Italians every year. With this amount of water wastes every year, the City wastes about €141,000 annually. Instead of wasting water and money every year, the City can use it to incorporate a push button on these fountains so that no more water and money will be wasted. Additionally, this money can be used to repaired the broken fountains as well. <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains|url=https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/data/56302980-0a27-7fd2-f27c-ba7a4803dc99}}<br /> <br /> <br /> =Other=<br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66869 2014-12-22T22:12:55Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> The infographic below illustrates the average water flow rate of the fountains in the City with the census tracts.<br /> [[File:Census tracts and water flowrate.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The vast majority of the fountains in the City of Venice run continuously and only a very few of them have a push button to operate. However, for the purpose of this analysis, let's assume that all of the fountains in Venice run continuously just to make the calculations easier. With this assumption, the research team calculated that the City of Venice wastes water about 141,000,000L/year. This is equivalent to the water consumption of about 1000 Italians every year. With this amount of water wastes every year, the City wastes about €141,000 annually. Instead of wasting water and money every year, the City can use it to incorporate a push button on these fountains so that no more water and money will be wasted. Additionally, this money can be used to repaired the broken fountains as well. <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains|url=https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/data/00df7ae7-f97f-1061-d452-abbdb39fd791}}<br /> <br /> {{Wellheads Map|url=https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/data/1fee5e60-6b47-7137-44c0-6c5194dc898f}}<br /> <br /> =Other=<br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66672 2014-12-22T18:55:51Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> The infographic below illustrates the average water flow rate of the fountains in the City with the census tracts.<br /> [[File:Census tracts and water flowrate.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The vast majority of the fountains in the City of Venice run continuously and only a very few of them have a push button to operate. However, for the purpose of this analysis, let's assume that all of the fountains in Venice run continuously just to make the calculations easier. With this assumption, the research team calculated that the City of Venice wastes water about 141,000,000L/year. This is equivalent to the water consumption of about 1000 Italians every year. With this amount of water wastes every year, the City wastes about €141,000 annually. Instead of wasting water and money every year, the City can use it to incorporate a push button on these fountains so that no more water and money will be wasted. Additionally, this money can be used to repaired the broken fountains as well. <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains|url=https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/groups/Fountains}}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =Other=<br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66667 2014-12-22T18:27:01Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> The infographic below illustrates the average water flow rate of the fountains in the City with the census tracts.<br /> [[File:Census tracts and water flowrate.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The vast majority of the fountains in the City of Venice run continuously and only a very few of them have a push button to operate. However, for the purpose of this analysis, let's assume that all of the fountains in Venice run continuously just to make the calculations easier. With this assumption, the research team calculated that the City of Venice wastes water about 141,000,000L/year. This is equivalent to the water consumption of about 1000 Italians every year. With this amount of water wastes every year, the City wastes about €141,000 annually. Instead of wasting water and money every year, the City can use it to incorporate a push button on these fountains so that no more water and money will be wasted. Additionally, this money can be used to repaired the broken fountains as well. <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains|url=https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/groups/Fountains}}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =Other=<br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66666 2014-12-22T18:24:19Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> The infographic below illustrates the average water flow rate of the fountains in the City with the census tracts.<br /> [[File:Census tracts and water flowrate.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The vast majority of the fountains in the City of Venice run continuously and only a very few of them have a push button to operate. However, for the purpose of this analysis, let's assume that all of the fountains in Venice run continuously just to make the calculations easier. With this assumption, the research team calculated that the City of Venice wastes water about 141,000,000L/year. This is equivalent to the water consumption of about 1000 Italians every year. With this amount of water wastes every year, the City wastes about €141,000 annually. Instead of wasting water and money every year, the City can use it to incorporate a push button on these fountains so that no more water and money will be wasted. Additionally, this money can be used to repaired the broken fountains as well. <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains|url=https://cityknowledge.firebaseIO.com/groups/Fountains}}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> =See Also=<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> =References=<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> =Bibliography=<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> =External Links=<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66665 2014-12-22T17:25:14Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> The infographic below illustrates the average water flow rate of the fountains in the City with the census tracts.<br /> [[File:Census tracts and water flowrate.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The vast majority of the fountains in the City of Venice run continuously and only a very few of them have a push button to operate. However, for the purpose of this analysis, let's assume that all of the fountains in Venice run continuously just to make the calculations easier. With this assumption, the research team calculated that the City of Venice wastes water about 141,000,000L/year. This is equivalent to the water consumption of about 1000 Italians every year. With this amount of water wastes every year, the City wastes about €141,000 annually. Instead of wasting water and money every year, the City can use it to incorporate a push button on these fountains so that no more water and money will be wasted. Additionally, this money can be used to repaired the broken fountains as well. <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains}}<br /> <br /> {{Fountain Map|url=http://views.cityknowledge.net/#/map/map-551acb5a-1415-96f8-b416-8efc89d31200}}<br /> <br /> =See Also=<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> =References=<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> =Bibliography=<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> =External Links=<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66664 2014-12-22T17:15:08Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> The infographic below illustrates the average water flow rate of the fountains in the City with the census tracts.<br /> [[File:Census tracts and water flowrate.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The vast majority of the fountains in the City of Venice run continuously and only a very few of them have a push button to operate. However, for the purpose of this analysis, let's assume that all of the fountains in Venice run continuously just to make the calculations easier. With this assumption, the research team calculated that the City of Venice wastes water about 141,000,000L/year. This is equivalent to the water consumption of about 1000 Italians every year. With this amount of water wastes every year, the City wastes about €141,000 annually. Instead of wasting water and money every year, the City can use it to incorporate a push button on these fountains so that no more water and money will be wasted. Additionally, this money can be used to repaired the broken fountains as well. <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> Specific information regarding the damage and restoration needs of each fountain can be found on the pages dedicated to each individual fountain, as listed in the map below and in the navigation box under the &quot;See Also&quot; section of this page.<br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains}}<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Census_tracts_and_water_flowrate.png&diff=66663 2014-12-22T16:52:31Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66658 2014-12-22T14:50:54Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 18 functional fountains (green dots) and 21 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Some fountains on these islands such as Burano were removed because they no longer work.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality on Lagoon islands.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Water Waste Analysis in Venice=<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> Specific information regarding the damage and restoration needs of each fountain can be found on the pages dedicated to each individual fountain, as listed in the map below and in the navigation box under the &quot;See Also&quot; section of this page.<br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains}}<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Fountain_Functionality_on_Lagoon_islands.png&diff=66657 2014-12-22T14:48:20Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66656 2014-12-22T14:22:52Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 142<br /> | 71<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains on Lagoon islands=<br /> Below is a table of fountains on the Lagoon islands as of 2014. There are more fountains on islands such as Lido, Pellestrina and San Francesco that are not yet assessed. Future projects should expand this data and explore more islands including the 3 indicated earlier. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Island<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Murano<br /> | 19<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Burano &amp; Mazzorbo<br /> | 15<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Torcello<br /> | 2<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Sant'Erasmo<br /> | 2<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | Vignole<br /> | 1<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | Total<br /> | 39<br /> | 18<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> The infographic below shows the 21 functional fountains (green dots) and 18 non-functional fountains (red dots) on islands Murano, Burano and Mazzorbo, Torcello, Sant'Erasmo, and Vignole. Murano and Burano have the same problem because the majority of the fountains there are not working on such populous islands. Noted that there were 5 fountains that were removed<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality in the Lagoon.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> Specific information regarding the damage and restoration needs of each fountain can be found on the pages dedicated to each individual fountain, as listed in the map below and in the navigation box under the &quot;See Also&quot; section of this page.<br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains}}<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Fountain_Functionality_in_the_Lagoon.png&diff=66655 2014-12-22T14:13:50Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66636 2014-12-22T14:01:07Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> The last infographic below shows the fountain condition change between 2004 and 2014. It is amazing to see that in the course of 10 years, there are 15 fountains get broken and only 4 fountains that get repaired. This is a concern because if left unchecked at this rate, more fountains might get broken and be left to rust. It would be unfortunate to see these public vernacular art pieces get broken and become a part of ancient history. <br /> [[File:Fountain condition change in 2004 and 2014.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> Specific information regarding the damage and restoration needs of each fountain can be found on the pages dedicated to each individual fountain, as listed in the map below and in the navigation box under the &quot;See Also&quot; section of this page.<br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains}}<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Fountain_condition_change_in_2004_and_2014.png&diff=66635 2014-12-22T14:00:26Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66634 2014-12-22T13:54:58Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Analyses==<br /> To better visualize this fountain data, below is a map of all functional and non-functional fountains in the City of Venice. There are 71 functional fountains and 71 non-functional fountains that scatter all over the city.<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountains in Venice]]<br /> To strengthen the usefulness of this data, the fountain data below is overlaid on top of the 2001 census tracts of the City of Venice. This map gives a profound insight of the public drinking fountains that juxtaposes with the population density. On the map, the lighter the blue color, the lower the population density. The darker the blue color, the higher the population density. By observing this map, there are many non-functional fountains that locate in high population density areas (on the Eastern part of Venice). This data helps prioritize which fountains need to be repaired first. <br /> [[File:Population Density and Fountain Functionality.png|500px |center|thumb|Population density and fountain functionality]]<br /> From the fountain data collected in 2014, more up-to-date analysis can be performed such as the one below. The infographic below illustrates the level of damage of each fountain in the Venice. This assessment was achieved by adding the degree of damage by rust (20%), grime (15%), algae (10%), graffiti (15%), missing pieces (25%), and surface damage (15%).<br /> [[File:Fountain Damage Level.png|500px |center|thumb|Fountain damage level]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> Specific information regarding the damage and restoration needs of each fountain can be found on the pages dedicated to each individual fountain, as listed in the map below and in the navigation box under the &quot;See Also&quot; section of this page.<br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains}}<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Fountain_Damage_Level.png&diff=66633 2014-12-22T13:51:52Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Fountain_Damage_Legel.png&diff=66632 2014-12-22T13:41:38Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Population_Density_and_Fountain_Functionality.png&diff=66631 2014-12-22T13:19:44Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66630 2014-12-22T12:57:58Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that are not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> Below is a table of all fountains in the City of Venice as of 2014. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Sestiere<br /> ! Number of Total Fountains<br /> ! Number of Functional Fountains<br /> |-<br /> | Cannaregio<br /> | 31<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | Castello<br /> | 35<br /> | 17<br /> |-<br /> | San Marco<br /> | 18<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | Santa Croce<br /> | 13<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | Dorsoduro<br /> | 32<br /> | 18<br /> |-<br /> | San Polo<br /> | 13<br /> | 11<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> *Ownership of Venetian fountains is marked by a service panel on the back of the fountain. Fountains with a panel are owned by the city, those without one are owned by [[VESTA]].<br /> *The city of Venice owns 60% of the fountains, [[VESTA]] owns the remaining 40%.<br /> *60% of the fountains owned by the city are functional, while 70% of those owned by [[VESTA]] are functional<br /> *135.867,600 liters (41,307,500 gallons) of clean, potable water are dispensed by Venetian fountains each year.<br /> [[Image:Fountainssestiere.jpg]]<br /> [[Image:Fountainsmaterial.jpg‎]]<br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> Specific information regarding the damage and restoration needs of each fountain can be found on the pages dedicated to each individual fountain, as listed in the map below and in the navigation box under the &quot;See Also&quot; section of this page.<br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains}}<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66629 2014-12-22T12:40:16Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:All fountains in the Lagoon.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = Fountains in the Lagoon assessed in 2014<br /> |totalnumber=181<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=89<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. 181 is not the total number of all fountains in the Venetian Lagoon. There are more fountains out on other islands in the Lagoon that were not assessed yet. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> =Fountains in Venice=<br /> ==Statistics==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> *Ownership of Venetian fountains is marked by a service panel on the back of the fountain. Fountains with a panel are owned by the city, those without one are owned by [[VESTA]].<br /> *The city of Venice owns 60% of the fountains, [[VESTA]] owns the remaining 40%.<br /> *60% of the fountains owned by the city are functional, while 70% of those owned by [[VESTA]] are functional<br /> *135.867,600 liters (41,307,500 gallons) of clean, potable water are dispensed by Venetian fountains each year.<br /> [[Image:Fountainssestiere.jpg]]<br /> [[Image:Fountainsmaterial.jpg‎]]<br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> Specific information regarding the damage and restoration needs of each fountain can be found on the pages dedicated to each individual fountain, as listed in the map below and in the navigation box under the &quot;See Also&quot; section of this page.<br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains}}<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:All_fountains_in_the_Lagoon.png&diff=66628 2014-12-22T12:32:14Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66627 2014-12-22T12:13:25Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:Fountain Functionality.png|200px]]<br /> |totalnumber=142<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=71<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> ==Statistics==<br /> *Ownership of Venetian fountains is marked by a service panel on the back of the fountain. Fountains with a panel are owned by the city, those without one are owned by [[VESTA]].<br /> *The city of Venice owns 60% of the fountains, [[VESTA]] owns the remaining 40%.<br /> *60% of the fountains owned by the city are functional, while 70% of those owned by [[VESTA]] are functional<br /> *135.867,600 liters (41,307,500 gallons) of clean, potable water are dispensed by Venetian fountains each year.<br /> [[Image:Fountainssestiere.jpg]]<br /> [[Image:Fountainsmaterial.jpg‎]]<br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> Specific information regarding the damage and restoration needs of each fountain can be found on the pages dedicated to each individual fountain, as listed in the map below and in the navigation box under the &quot;See Also&quot; section of this page.<br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains}}<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountains&diff=66626 2014-12-22T12:09:16Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains the overview of all fountains in Venice .'' {{for|a typical fountain|Fountain}}<br /> {{Infobox Fountain2<br /> |image=[[File:FountainMap.jpg|200px]]<br /> |totalnumber=109<br /> |totalnumbermissing=0<br /> |totalnumberfunctioning=69<br /> |purpose=Utility<br /> }}<br /> Fountains are pieces of functional [[Material Culture|material culture]] that provide Venetians with clean drinking water. Typically centrally located within one of the city's many ''campi'', these fountains symbolize the transition of art within the city with some being uniquely hand-crafted and others products of mass production. <br /> [[Image:figure26_fountain_color.jpg |right|thumb|A working fountain dispensing water in [[Cannaregio]]]]<br /> <br /> ==Statistics==<br /> *Ownership of Venetian fountains is marked by a service panel on the back of the fountain. Fountains with a panel are owned by the city, those without one are owned by [[VESTA]].<br /> *The city of Venice owns 60% of the fountains, [[VESTA]] owns the remaining 40%.<br /> *60% of the fountains owned by the city are functional, while 70% of those owned by [[VESTA]] are functional<br /> *135.867,600 liters (41,307,500 gallons) of clean, potable water are dispensed by Venetian fountains each year.<br /> [[Image:Fountainssestiere.jpg]]<br /> [[Image:Fountainsmaterial.jpg‎]]<br /> <br /> ==Damage and Preservation==<br /> For general information pertaining to the sources of damage to Venetian fountains, please see the [[Damage to public art]] page.<br /> <br /> For general information pertaining to the restoration and preservation of Venetian fountains, please see the [[Public art preservation|Restoration and preservation of public art]] page.<br /> <br /> Specific information regarding the damage and restoration needs of each fountain can be found on the pages dedicated to each individual fountain, as listed in the map below and in the navigation box under the &quot;See Also&quot; section of this page.<br /> <br /> {{Map Fountains}}<br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> {{FountainsNav}}<br /> {{PublicArtNav}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *Rizzi, Alberto. &quot;Scultura Esterna a Venezia.&quot; Stamperia di Venezia Editrice, 1987.<br /> *[[Venice Project Center]]<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122610-103308/ 2010 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2008 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-122207-150125/ 2007 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> *[http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Scanned/00E050I 2000 WPI PreserVenice Project Team]<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.preservenice.org www.preservenice.org]<br /> *[http://www.venice2point0.org www.venice2point0.org]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66625 2014-12-22T12:04:48Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> [[File:A Venetian fountain.JPG|200px|thumb|right|A Venetian fountain]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Types of Fountains==<br /> In the Venetian Lagoon, there are multiple types of fountain according to their design and shape. These types include Delfini, Puglia, Alto, Ott. Basso, San marco, Cylindro, Pozzo, Tubo, and Neri. Some of them have solid rectangular shape with some fancy designed lid at the top (i.e. Neri), while some of them are just a simple tube with a spout (i.e. Tubo). Additionally, these fountains have different faucet design with mostly lion heads. <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Fountain Types.png|Types of Fountain<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> The majority of the fountains in the Venetian Lagoon are metal and only a few of them are stone. Because of this, many fountains suffer from natural damage such as algae and especially rust. The location of Venice exacerbates this problem even more. The vast majority of the metal fountains are cast iron. These metal fountains are painted to cover the metal surface to avoid rust, but the paints wear out from times to times leaving the majority of metal fountains in the Lagoon susceptible to rust. Some stone fountains are made out of Istria stone and marble and typically built in a later period. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains. <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Stone Fountain.JPG|Stone Fountain with algae<br /> File:Metal fountain with rust and algae.JPG|Metal fountain with rust and algae<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Fountains]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountains]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66624 2014-12-22T12:04:07Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> [[File:A Venetian fountain.JPG|200px|thumb|right|A Venetian fountain]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Types of Fountains==<br /> In the Venetian Lagoon, there are multiple types of fountain according to their design and shape. These types include Delfini, Puglia, Alto, Ott. Basso, San marco, Cylindro, Pozzo, Tubo, and Neri. Some of them have solid rectangular shape with some fancy designed lid at the top (i.e. Neri), while some of them are just a simple tube with a spout (i.e. Tubo). Additionally, these fountains have different faucet design with mostly lion heads. <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Fountain Types.png|Types of Fountain<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> The majority of the fountains in the Venetian Lagoon are metal and only a few of them are stone. Because of this, many fountains suffer from natural damage such as algae and especially rust. The location of Venice exacerbates this problem even more. The vast majority of the metal fountains are cast iron. These metal fountains are painted to cover the metal surface to avoid rust, but the paints wear out from times to times leaving the majority of metal fountains in the Lagoon susceptible to rust. Some stone fountains are made out of Istria stone and marble and typically built in a later period. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains. <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Stone Fountain.JPG|Stone Fountain with algae<br /> File:Metal fountain with rust and algae.JPG|Metal fountain with rust and algae<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Fountains]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fountain]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66623 2014-12-22T12:03:36Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> [[File:A Venetian fountain.JPG|200px|thumb|right|A Venetian fountain]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Types of Fountains==<br /> In the Venetian Lagoon, there are multiple types of fountain according to their design and shape. These types include Delfini, Puglia, Alto, Ott. Basso, San marco, Cylindro, Pozzo, Tubo, and Neri. Some of them have solid rectangular shape with some fancy designed lid at the top (i.e. Neri), while some of them are just a simple tube with a spout (i.e. Tubo). Additionally, these fountains have different faucet design with mostly lion heads. <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Fountain Types.png|Types of Fountain<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> The majority of the fountains in the Venetian Lagoon are metal and only a few of them are stone. Because of this, many fountains suffer from natural damage such as algae and especially rust. The location of Venice exacerbates this problem even more. The vast majority of the metal fountains are cast iron. These metal fountains are painted to cover the metal surface to avoid rust, but the paints wear out from times to times leaving the majority of metal fountains in the Lagoon susceptible to rust. Some stone fountains are made out of Istria stone and marble and typically built in a later period. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains. <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Stone Fountain.JPG|Stone Fountain with algae<br /> File:Metal fountain with rust and algae.JPG|Metal fountain with rust and algae<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Fountains]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66622 2014-12-22T11:52:00Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> [[File:A Venetian fountain.JPG|200px|thumb|right|A Venetian fountain]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Types of Fountains==<br /> In the Venetian Lagoon, there are multiple types of fountain according to their design and shape. These types include Delfini, Puglia, Alto, Ott. Basso, San marco, Cylindro, Pozzo, Tubo, and Neri. Some of them have solid rectangular shape with some fancy designed lid at the top (i.e. Neri), while some of them are just a simple tube with a spout (i.e. Tubo). <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Fountain Types.png|Types of Fountain<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> The majority of the fountains in the Venetian Lagoon are metal and only a few of them are stone. Because of this, many fountains suffer from natural damage such as algae and especially rust. The location of Venice exacerbates this problem even more. The vast majority of the metal fountains are cast iron. These metal fountains are painted to cover the metal surface to avoid rust, but the paints wear out from times to times leaving the majority of metal fountains in the Lagoon susceptible to rust. Some stone fountains are made out of Istria stone and marble and typically built in a later period. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains. <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Stone Fountain.JPG|Stone Fountain with algae<br /> File:Metal fountain with rust and algae.JPG|Metal fountain with rust and algae<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Serving Nature==<br /> In the past, these wellheads served as access points to fresh water for not only the human population of Venice, but the animals as well. Small, bowl-shaped indentations were made in the platforms of some wellheads. These indentations served as a source of fresh drinking water and as baths for the local wild life.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Wellheads]]<br /> *[[Wellhead Maintenance]]<br /> *[[Well]]<br /> *[[Wells]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> NULL<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhead English Wikipedia article on a typical wellhead]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66621 2014-12-22T11:30:31Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> [[File:A Venetian fountain.JPG|200px|thumb|right|A Venetian fountain]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Types of Fountains==<br /> In the Venetian Lagoon, there are multiple types of fountain according to their design and shape. These types include Delfini, Puglia, Alto, Ott. Basso, San marco, Cylindro, Pozzo, Tubo, and Neri. Some of them have solid rectangular shape with some fancy designed lid at the top (i.e. Neri), while some of them are just a simple tube with a spout (i.e. Tubo). <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Fountain Types.png|Types of Fountain<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> The majority of the fountains in the Venetian Lagoon are metal and only a few of them are stone. Because of this, many fountains suffer from natural damage such as algae and especially rust. The location of Venice exacerbates this problem even more. <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Stone Fountain.JPG|Stone Fountain with algae<br /> File:Metal fountain with rust and algae.JPG|Metal fountain with rust and algae<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == Shape ==<br /> A typical wellhead has an overall cylindrical or square shape. Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal.<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> A Wellhead is constructed with either brick, [[Istria stone]], [[Red Verona]] or [[White Verona]]. A brick wellhead however will deteriorate over time and as a result the typical wellhead of today is made of Istria Stone, Red Verona or White Verona with only a few exceptions. See [[Wellheads]] page. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:018A.jpg|A wellhead made of Istrian Stone<br /> File:020A.jpg|A wellhead made of Red Verona Stone<br /> File:006A.jpg|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone<br /> [[File:pozzi.png|left|thumb|alt=pozzi|cross sectional well diagram from Insula SpA]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lid==<br /> The Lid of a wellhead is typically circular in shape and either flat or convex in shape. The material of the lid is typically metal, wood or concrete with a few exceptions.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:044lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a metal lid<br /> File:047lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a concrete lid<br /> File:IMG 1698.JPG|A wellhead in Chioggia that has a statue as the lid<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Serving Nature==<br /> In the past, these wellheads served as access points to fresh water for not only the human population of Venice, but the animals as well. Small, bowl-shaped indentations were made in the platforms of some wellheads. These indentations served as a source of fresh drinking water and as baths for the local wild life.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Wellheads]]<br /> *[[Wellhead Maintenance]]<br /> *[[Well]]<br /> *[[Wells]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> NULL<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhead English Wikipedia article on a typical wellhead]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Metal_fountain_with_rust_and_algae.JPG&diff=66620 2014-12-22T11:28:30Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Stone_Fountain.JPG&diff=66619 2014-12-22T11:21:09Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66585 2014-12-22T04:04:47Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> [[File:A Venetian fountain.JPG|200px|thumb|right|A Venetian fountain]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Types of Fountains==<br /> In the Venetian Lagoon, there are multiple types of fountain according to their design. These types include Delfini, Puglia, Alto, Ott. Basso, San marco, Cylindro, Pozzo, Tubo, and Neri. <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Fountain Types.png|Types of Fountain<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> A typical wellhead has a platform, the main body and lid. Some platforms are made up of up to three steps. &lt;ref&gt;Thomollari, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Shape ==<br /> A typical wellhead has an overall cylindrical or square shape. Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal.<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> A Wellhead is constructed with either brick, [[Istria stone]], [[Red Verona]] or [[White Verona]]. A brick wellhead however will deteriorate over time and as a result the typical wellhead of today is made of Istria Stone, Red Verona or White Verona with only a few exceptions. See [[Wellheads]] page. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:018A.jpg|A wellhead made of Istrian Stone<br /> File:020A.jpg|A wellhead made of Red Verona Stone<br /> File:006A.jpg|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone<br /> [[File:pozzi.png|left|thumb|alt=pozzi|cross sectional well diagram from Insula SpA]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lid==<br /> The Lid of a wellhead is typically circular in shape and either flat or convex in shape. The material of the lid is typically metal, wood or concrete with a few exceptions.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:044lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a metal lid<br /> File:047lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a concrete lid<br /> File:IMG 1698.JPG|A wellhead in Chioggia that has a statue as the lid<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Serving Nature==<br /> In the past, these wellheads served as access points to fresh water for not only the human population of Venice, but the animals as well. Small, bowl-shaped indentations were made in the platforms of some wellheads. These indentations served as a source of fresh drinking water and as baths for the local wild life.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Wellheads]]<br /> *[[Wellhead Maintenance]]<br /> *[[Well]]<br /> *[[Wells]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> NULL<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhead English Wikipedia article on a typical wellhead]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66584 2014-12-22T04:02:47Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> [[File:A Venetian fountain.JPG|200px|thumb|right|A Venetian fountain]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Types of Fountains==<br /> In Venetian Lagoon, there are multiple types of fountain according to their design. These types include Delfini, Puglia, Alto, Ott. Basso, San marco, Cylindro, Pozzo, Tubo, and Neri.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Fountain Types.png|Types of Fountain<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> A typical wellhead has a platform, the main body and lid. Some platforms are made up of up to three steps. &lt;ref&gt;Thomollari, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Shape ==<br /> A typical wellhead has an overall cylindrical or square shape. Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal.<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> A Wellhead is constructed with either brick, [[Istria stone]], [[Red Verona]] or [[White Verona]]. A brick wellhead however will deteriorate over time and as a result the typical wellhead of today is made of Istria Stone, Red Verona or White Verona with only a few exceptions. See [[Wellheads]] page. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:018A.jpg|A wellhead made of Istrian Stone<br /> File:020A.jpg|A wellhead made of Red Verona Stone<br /> File:006A.jpg|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone<br /> [[File:pozzi.png|left|thumb|alt=pozzi|cross sectional well diagram from Insula SpA]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lid==<br /> The Lid of a wellhead is typically circular in shape and either flat or convex in shape. The material of the lid is typically metal, wood or concrete with a few exceptions.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:044lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a metal lid<br /> File:047lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a concrete lid<br /> File:IMG 1698.JPG|A wellhead in Chioggia that has a statue as the lid<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Serving Nature==<br /> In the past, these wellheads served as access points to fresh water for not only the human population of Venice, but the animals as well. Small, bowl-shaped indentations were made in the platforms of some wellheads. These indentations served as a source of fresh drinking water and as baths for the local wild life.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Wellheads]]<br /> *[[Wellhead Maintenance]]<br /> *[[Well]]<br /> *[[Wells]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> NULL<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhead English Wikipedia article on a typical wellhead]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66583 2014-12-22T03:55:56Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> [[File:A Venetian fountain.JPG|200px|thumb|right|A Venetian fountain]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Types of Fountains==<br /> Churches were once responsible for locking and unlocking the well at certain times of the day. This was to prevent just anyone from retrieving water from the well at any given time. In order to retrieve water from the well, Venetians typically used ropes to haul buckets of water over the lip of the wellhead. These ropes left grooves in the material of the wellhead as seen below. Some private wellheads have a pulley system installed to retrieve water without damaging the wellhead.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Fountain Types.png|Types of Fountain<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> A typical wellhead has a platform, the main body and lid. Some platforms are made up of up to three steps. &lt;ref&gt;Thomollari, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Shape ==<br /> A typical wellhead has an overall cylindrical or square shape. Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal.<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> A Wellhead is constructed with either brick, [[Istria stone]], [[Red Verona]] or [[White Verona]]. A brick wellhead however will deteriorate over time and as a result the typical wellhead of today is made of Istria Stone, Red Verona or White Verona with only a few exceptions. See [[Wellheads]] page. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:018A.jpg|A wellhead made of Istrian Stone<br /> File:020A.jpg|A wellhead made of Red Verona Stone<br /> File:006A.jpg|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone<br /> [[File:pozzi.png|left|thumb|alt=pozzi|cross sectional well diagram from Insula SpA]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lid==<br /> The Lid of a wellhead is typically circular in shape and either flat or convex in shape. The material of the lid is typically metal, wood or concrete with a few exceptions.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:044lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a metal lid<br /> File:047lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a concrete lid<br /> File:IMG 1698.JPG|A wellhead in Chioggia that has a statue as the lid<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Serving Nature==<br /> In the past, these wellheads served as access points to fresh water for not only the human population of Venice, but the animals as well. Small, bowl-shaped indentations were made in the platforms of some wellheads. These indentations served as a source of fresh drinking water and as baths for the local wild life.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Wellheads]]<br /> *[[Wellhead Maintenance]]<br /> *[[Well]]<br /> *[[Wells]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> NULL<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhead English Wikipedia article on a typical wellhead]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:A_Venetian_fountain.JPG&diff=66582 2014-12-22T03:52:01Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Fountain_Types.png&diff=66581 2014-12-22T03:37:04Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66580 2014-12-22T03:30:44Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Types of Fountains==<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png|200px|thumb|left|alt text]] Churches were once responsible for locking and unlocking the well at certain times of the day. This was to prevent just anyone from retrieving water from the well at any given time. In order to retrieve water from the well, Venetians typically used ropes to haul buckets of water over the lip of the wellhead. These ropes left grooves in the material of the wellhead as seen below. Some private wellheads have a pulley system installed to retrieve water without damaging the wellhead.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:ropemark.jpg|The mark resulted from retrieving water with a rope<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> A typical wellhead has a platform, the main body and lid. Some platforms are made up of up to three steps. &lt;ref&gt;Thomollari, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Shape ==<br /> A typical wellhead has an overall cylindrical or square shape. Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal.<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> A Wellhead is constructed with either brick, [[Istria stone]], [[Red Verona]] or [[White Verona]]. A brick wellhead however will deteriorate over time and as a result the typical wellhead of today is made of Istria Stone, Red Verona or White Verona with only a few exceptions. See [[Wellheads]] page. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:018A.jpg|A wellhead made of Istrian Stone<br /> File:020A.jpg|A wellhead made of Red Verona Stone<br /> File:006A.jpg|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone<br /> [[File:pozzi.png|left|thumb|alt=pozzi|cross sectional well diagram from Insula SpA]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lid==<br /> The Lid of a wellhead is typically circular in shape and either flat or convex in shape. The material of the lid is typically metal, wood or concrete with a few exceptions.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:044lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a metal lid<br /> File:047lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a concrete lid<br /> File:IMG 1698.JPG|A wellhead in Chioggia that has a statue as the lid<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Serving Nature==<br /> In the past, these wellheads served as access points to fresh water for not only the human population of Venice, but the animals as well. Small, bowl-shaped indentations were made in the platforms of some wellheads. These indentations served as a source of fresh drinking water and as baths for the local wild life.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Wellheads]]<br /> *[[Wellhead Maintenance]]<br /> *[[Well]]<br /> *[[Wells]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> NULL<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhead English Wikipedia article on a typical wellhead]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66579 2014-12-22T03:28:47Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Types of Fountains==<br /> [[File:Fountain Functionality.png]] Churches were once responsible for locking and unlocking the well at certain times of the day. This was to prevent just anyone from retrieving water from the well at any given time. In order to retrieve water from the well, Venetians typically used ropes to haul buckets of water over the lip of the wellhead. These ropes left grooves in the material of the wellhead as seen below. Some private wellheads have a pulley system installed to retrieve water without damaging the wellhead.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:ropemark.jpg|The mark resulted from retrieving water with a rope<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> A typical wellhead has a platform, the main body and lid. Some platforms are made up of up to three steps. &lt;ref&gt;Thomollari, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Shape ==<br /> A typical wellhead has an overall cylindrical or square shape. Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal.<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> A Wellhead is constructed with either brick, [[Istria stone]], [[Red Verona]] or [[White Verona]]. A brick wellhead however will deteriorate over time and as a result the typical wellhead of today is made of Istria Stone, Red Verona or White Verona with only a few exceptions. See [[Wellheads]] page. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:018A.jpg|A wellhead made of Istrian Stone<br /> File:020A.jpg|A wellhead made of Red Verona Stone<br /> File:006A.jpg|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone<br /> [[File:pozzi.png|left|thumb|alt=pozzi|cross sectional well diagram from Insula SpA]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lid==<br /> The Lid of a wellhead is typically circular in shape and either flat or convex in shape. The material of the lid is typically metal, wood or concrete with a few exceptions.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:044lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a metal lid<br /> File:047lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a concrete lid<br /> File:IMG 1698.JPG|A wellhead in Chioggia that has a statue as the lid<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Serving Nature==<br /> In the past, these wellheads served as access points to fresh water for not only the human population of Venice, but the animals as well. Small, bowl-shaped indentations were made in the platforms of some wellheads. These indentations served as a source of fresh drinking water and as baths for the local wild life.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Wellheads]]<br /> *[[Wellhead Maintenance]]<br /> *[[Well]]<br /> *[[Wells]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> NULL<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhead English Wikipedia article on a typical wellhead]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66578 2014-12-22T03:27:15Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Types of Fountains==<br /> Churches were once responsible for locking and unlocking the well at certain times of the day. This was to prevent just anyone from retrieving water from the well at any given time. In order to retrieve water from the well, Venetians typically used ropes to haul buckets of water over the lip of the wellhead. These ropes left grooves in the material of the wellhead as seen below. Some private wellheads have a pulley system installed to retrieve water without damaging the wellhead.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:ropemark.jpg|The mark resulted from retrieving water with a rope<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> A typical wellhead has a platform, the main body and lid. Some platforms are made up of up to three steps. &lt;ref&gt;Thomollari, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Shape ==<br /> A typical wellhead has an overall cylindrical or square shape. Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal.<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> A Wellhead is constructed with either brick, [[Istria stone]], [[Red Verona]] or [[White Verona]]. A brick wellhead however will deteriorate over time and as a result the typical wellhead of today is made of Istria Stone, Red Verona or White Verona with only a few exceptions. See [[Wellheads]] page. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:018A.jpg|A wellhead made of Istrian Stone<br /> File:020A.jpg|A wellhead made of Red Verona Stone<br /> File:006A.jpg|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone<br /> [[File:pozzi.png|left|thumb|alt=pozzi|cross sectional well diagram from Insula SpA]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lid==<br /> The Lid of a wellhead is typically circular in shape and either flat or convex in shape. The material of the lid is typically metal, wood or concrete with a few exceptions.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:044lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a metal lid<br /> File:047lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a concrete lid<br /> File:IMG 1698.JPG|A wellhead in Chioggia that has a statue as the lid<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Serving Nature==<br /> In the past, these wellheads served as access points to fresh water for not only the human population of Venice, but the animals as well. Small, bowl-shaped indentations were made in the platforms of some wellheads. These indentations served as a source of fresh drinking water and as baths for the local wild life.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Wellheads]]<br /> *[[Wellhead Maintenance]]<br /> *[[Well]]<br /> *[[Wells]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> NULL<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhead English Wikipedia article on a typical wellhead]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66577 2014-12-22T03:23:18Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> Some typical fountains were individually made with impressive design and some were mass-produced. <br /> <br /> ==Retrieving Water==<br /> Churches were once responsible for locking and unlocking the well at certain times of the day. This was to prevent just anyone from retrieving water from the well at any given time. In order to retrieve water from the well, Venetians typically used ropes to haul buckets of water over the lip of the wellhead. These ropes left grooves in the material of the wellhead as seen below. Some private wellheads have a pulley system installed to retrieve water without damaging the wellhead.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:ropemark.jpg|The mark resulted from retrieving water with a rope<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> A typical wellhead has a platform, the main body and lid. Some platforms are made up of up to three steps. &lt;ref&gt;Thomollari, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Shape ==<br /> A typical wellhead has an overall cylindrical or square shape. Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal.<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> A Wellhead is constructed with either brick, [[Istria stone]], [[Red Verona]] or [[White Verona]]. A brick wellhead however will deteriorate over time and as a result the typical wellhead of today is made of Istria Stone, Red Verona or White Verona with only a few exceptions. See [[Wellheads]] page. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:018A.jpg|A wellhead made of Istrian Stone<br /> File:020A.jpg|A wellhead made of Red Verona Stone<br /> File:006A.jpg|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone<br /> [[File:pozzi.png|left|thumb|alt=pozzi|cross sectional well diagram from Insula SpA]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lid==<br /> The Lid of a wellhead is typically circular in shape and either flat or convex in shape. The material of the lid is typically metal, wood or concrete with a few exceptions.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:044lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a metal lid<br /> File:047lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a concrete lid<br /> File:IMG 1698.JPG|A wellhead in Chioggia that has a statue as the lid<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Serving Nature==<br /> In the past, these wellheads served as access points to fresh water for not only the human population of Venice, but the animals as well. Small, bowl-shaped indentations were made in the platforms of some wellheads. These indentations served as a source of fresh drinking water and as baths for the local wild life.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Wellheads]]<br /> *[[Wellhead Maintenance]]<br /> *[[Well]]<br /> *[[Wells]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> NULL<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhead English Wikipedia article on a typical wellhead]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66576 2014-12-22T02:59:23Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian vernacular art. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. An aqueduct system was completed from mainland in the late 1800's, which enabled a fountain system to emerge and to release a stream of safely potable water. These fountains usually locate in a “''campo''” or a street where they can be seen easily by the public.<br /> As a centerpiece of many public squares in Venice, “They were always at the center of socialization and interactivity among Venetians” &lt;ref&gt;Wainwright et al., 2000, pg 16&lt;/ref&gt;. The typical wellhead features inscriptions and carvings of saints or family crests. The artistic and structural design of each wellhead is indicative of the art period it was built in. &lt;ref&gt;Huse, 1990&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Retrieving Water==<br /> Churches were once responsible for locking and unlocking the well at certain times of the day. This was to prevent just anyone from retrieving water from the well at any given time. In order to retrieve water from the well, Venetians typically used ropes to haul buckets of water over the lip of the wellhead. These ropes left grooves in the material of the wellhead as seen below. Some private wellheads have a pulley system installed to retrieve water without damaging the wellhead.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:ropemark.jpg|The mark resulted from retrieving water with a rope<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> A typical wellhead has a platform, the main body and lid. Some platforms are made up of up to three steps. &lt;ref&gt;Thomollari, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Shape ==<br /> A typical wellhead has an overall cylindrical or square shape. Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal.<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> A Wellhead is constructed with either brick, [[Istria stone]], [[Red Verona]] or [[White Verona]]. A brick wellhead however will deteriorate over time and as a result the typical wellhead of today is made of Istria Stone, Red Verona or White Verona with only a few exceptions. See [[Wellheads]] page. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:018A.jpg|A wellhead made of Istrian Stone<br /> File:020A.jpg|A wellhead made of Red Verona Stone<br /> File:006A.jpg|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone<br /> [[File:pozzi.png|left|thumb|alt=pozzi|cross sectional well diagram from Insula SpA]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lid==<br /> The Lid of a wellhead is typically circular in shape and either flat or convex in shape. The material of the lid is typically metal, wood or concrete with a few exceptions.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:044lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a metal lid<br /> File:047lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a concrete lid<br /> File:IMG 1698.JPG|A wellhead in Chioggia that has a statue as the lid<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Serving Nature==<br /> In the past, these wellheads served as access points to fresh water for not only the human population of Venice, but the animals as well. Small, bowl-shaped indentations were made in the platforms of some wellheads. These indentations served as a source of fresh drinking water and as baths for the local wild life.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Wellheads]]<br /> *[[Wellhead Maintenance]]<br /> *[[Well]]<br /> *[[Wells]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> NULL<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhead English Wikipedia article on a typical wellhead]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=Fountain&diff=66575 2014-12-22T02:26:51Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: Created page with &quot;&#039;&#039;This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.&#039;&#039; {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}} A fountain, &#039;&#039;fontana&#039;&#039;, is a public drinking water system in Veni...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>''This page contains information about a typical Venetian fountain.'' {{for|a list of fountains|Fountains}}<br /> <br /> A fountain, ''fontana'', is a public drinking water system in Venice. It serves potable water to the public and locates all over the city. The majority of fountains run continuously whereas only a few of them have a push button to operate. Among the 142 fountains in Venice, only half of them are functional. The Venetian Fountain serves not only a practical purpose, but also as a unique aspect of Venetian public artistic value. see [[Public art preservation]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> A fountain, known locally as “''fontana''”, is the structure that dispenses public potable water in the City of Venice. The term ‘''fontana''’ and it’s many alternatives – ''anello, corona, sponda, cinta, parapetto, spalletta'' or ''bocca di pozzo'' – has been in use since as early as the eleventh century. &lt;ref&gt;Rizzi, 1981&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> As a centerpiece of many public squares in Venice, “They were always at the center of socialization and interactivity among Venetians” &lt;ref&gt;Wainwright et al., 2000, pg 16&lt;/ref&gt;. The typical wellhead features inscriptions and carvings of saints or family crests. The artistic and structural design of each wellhead is indicative of the art period it was built in. &lt;ref&gt;Huse, 1990&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Retrieving Water==<br /> Churches were once responsible for locking and unlocking the well at certain times of the day. This was to prevent just anyone from retrieving water from the well at any given time. In order to retrieve water from the well, Venetians typically used ropes to haul buckets of water over the lip of the wellhead. These ropes left grooves in the material of the wellhead as seen below. Some private wellheads have a pulley system installed to retrieve water without damaging the wellhead.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:ropemark.jpg|The mark resulted from retrieving water with a rope<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> A typical wellhead has a platform, the main body and lid. Some platforms are made up of up to three steps. &lt;ref&gt;Thomollari, 2004&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Shape ==<br /> A typical wellhead has an overall cylindrical or square shape. Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal.<br /> <br /> ==Material==<br /> A Wellhead is constructed with either brick, [[Istria stone]], [[Red Verona]] or [[White Verona]]. A brick wellhead however will deteriorate over time and as a result the typical wellhead of today is made of Istria Stone, Red Verona or White Verona with only a few exceptions. See [[Wellheads]] page. Istria stone is a type of limestone that has a gray-green or yellowish color. Lengthy exposure to the atmosphere causes the stone to obtain a whitish appearance through a process called “whitewashing.” Unfortunately, this also makes Istria stone a prime candidate for exfoliation. Verona marble is a sedimentary rock composed of organic limestone and fossils. It has either a reddish or whitish color depending on the carbon compounds it contains.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:018A.jpg|A wellhead made of Istrian Stone<br /> File:020A.jpg|A wellhead made of Red Verona Stone<br /> File:006A.jpg|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone<br /> [[File:pozzi.png|left|thumb|alt=pozzi|cross sectional well diagram from Insula SpA]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lid==<br /> The Lid of a wellhead is typically circular in shape and either flat or convex in shape. The material of the lid is typically metal, wood or concrete with a few exceptions.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:044lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a metal lid<br /> File:047lid.jpg|A wellhead that has a concrete lid<br /> File:IMG 1698.JPG|A wellhead in Chioggia that has a statue as the lid<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Serving Nature==<br /> In the past, these wellheads served as access points to fresh water for not only the human population of Venice, but the animals as well. Small, bowl-shaped indentations were made in the platforms of some wellheads. These indentations served as a source of fresh drinking water and as baths for the local wild life.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Wellheads]]<br /> *[[Wellhead Maintenance]]<br /> *[[Well]]<br /> *[[Wells]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> NULL<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellhead English Wikipedia article on a typical wellhead]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Wellheads]]<br /> [[Category:Functional Artifacts]]<br /> [[Category:Public Art]]<br /> [[Category:Material Culture]]</div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Fountain_Functionality.png&diff=66540 2014-12-18T17:55:54Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: Sopheaktrachhim uploaded a new version of &amp;quot;File:Fountain Functionality.png&amp;quot;</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim https://wiki.cityknowledge.org/index.php?title=File:Fountain_Functionality.png&diff=66539 2014-12-18T17:50:54Z

<p>Sopheaktrachhim: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Sopheaktrachhim