Bells - Revision history

V26e.bells at 21:14, 24 June 2026

2026-06-24T21:14:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:14, 24 June 2026
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	=== Tuning ===		=== Tuning ===
	Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.		Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.
	<gallery mode="nolines" widths="~~350~~" heights="220">		<gallery mode="nolines" widths="300" heights="220">
	File:Hum Note.png		File:Hum Note.png
	File:Prime Note.png		File:Prime Note.png

V26e.bells at 21:14, 24 June 2026

2026-06-24T21:14:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:14, 24 June 2026
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	=== Tuning ===		=== Tuning ===
	Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.		Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.
	~~{\| style="margin:auto;"~~		<gallery mode="nolines" widths="350" heights="220">
	~~\| [[File:Hum Note.png\|350px]]~~
	~~\| [[File:Prime Note.png\|350px]]~~
	~~\| [[File:Tierce Note.png\|350px]]~~
	~~\| [[File:Quint Note.png\|350px]]~~
	~~\| [[File:Nominal Note.png\|350px]]~~
	\|}
	<gallery mode="nolines" widths="~~220~~" heights="220">
	File:Hum Note.png		File:Hum Note.png
	File:Prime Note.png		File:Prime Note.png

V26e.bells at 21:13, 24 June 2026

2026-06-24T21:13:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:13, 24 June 2026
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	\| [[File:Nominal Note.png\|350px]]		\| [[File:Nominal Note.png\|350px]]
	\|}		\|}
			<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220" heights="220">
			File:Hum Note.png
			File:Prime Note.png
			File:Tierce Note.png
			File:Quint Note.png
			File:Nominal Note.png
			</gallery>
	=== Bell Condition ===		=== Bell Condition ===
	Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.		Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.

V26e.bells at 21:12, 24 June 2026

2026-06-24T21:12:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:12, 24 June 2026
Line 27:		Line 27:
	Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.		Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.
	{\| style="margin:auto;"		{\| style="margin:auto;"
	\| [[File:Hum Note.png\|~~250px~~]]		\| [[File:Hum Note.png\|350px]]
	\| [[File:Prime Note.png\|~~250px~~]]		\| [[File:Prime Note.png\|350px]]
	\| [[File:Tierce Note.png\|~~250px~~]]		\| [[File:Tierce Note.png\|350px]]
	\| [[File:Quint Note.png\|~~250px~~]]		\| [[File:Quint Note.png\|350px]]
	\| [[File:Nominal Note.png\|~~250px~~]]		\| [[File:Nominal Note.png\|350px]]
	\|}		\|}
	=== Bell Condition ===		=== Bell Condition ===

V26e.bells at 21:11, 24 June 2026

2026-06-24T21:11:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:11, 24 June 2026
Line 26:		Line 26:
	=== Tuning ===		=== Tuning ===
	Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.		Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.
	[[File:Hum Note.png\|~~500px\|center~~]][[File:Prime Note.png\|~~500px\|center~~]][[File:Tierce Note.png\|~~500px\|center~~]][[File:Quint Note.png\|~~500px\|center~~]][[File:Nominal Note.png\|~~500px\|center~~]]		{\| style="margin:auto;"
			\| [[File:Hum Note.png\|250px]]
			\| [[File:Prime Note.png\|250px]]
			\| [[File:Tierce Note.png\|250px]]
			\| [[File:Quint Note.png\|250px]]
			\| [[File:Nominal Note.png\|250px]]
			\|}
	=== Bell Condition ===		=== Bell Condition ===
	Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.		Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.

V26e.bells at 21:06, 24 June 2026

2026-06-24T21:06:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:06, 24 June 2026
Line 26:		Line 26:
	=== Tuning ===		=== Tuning ===
	Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.		Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.
	[[File:Hum Note.png\|500px\|~~left~~]][[File:Prime Note.png\|500px\|~~left~~]][[File:Tierce Note.png\|500px\|center]][[File:Quint Note.png\|500px\|~~right~~]][[File:Nominal Note.png\|500px\|~~right~~]]		[[File:Hum Note.png\|500px\|center]][[File:Prime Note.png\|500px\|center]][[File:Tierce Note.png\|500px\|center]][[File:Quint Note.png\|500px\|center]][[File:Nominal Note.png\|500px\|center]]
	=== Bell Condition ===		=== Bell Condition ===
	Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.		Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.

V26e.bells at 21:05, 24 June 2026

2026-06-24T21:05:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:05, 24 June 2026
Line 25:		Line 25:
	[[File:RingingMechanism.png\|500px\|center\| Bell ringing mechanisms ]]		[[File:RingingMechanism.png\|500px\|center\| Bell ringing mechanisms ]]
	=== Tuning ===		=== Tuning ===
	Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.[[File:Hum Note.png\|500px\|~~center~~]][[File:Prime Note.png\|500px\|~~center~~]][[File:Tierce Note.png\|500px\|center]][[File:Quint Note.png\|500px\|~~center~~]][[File:Nominal Note.png\|500px\|~~center~~]]		Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.
			[[File:Hum Note.png\|500px\|left]][[File:Prime Note.png\|500px\|left]][[File:Tierce Note.png\|500px\|center]][[File:Quint Note.png\|500px\|right]][[File:Nominal Note.png\|500px\|right]]
	=== Bell Condition ===		=== Bell Condition ===
	Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.		Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.

V26e.bells at 21:04, 24 June 2026

2026-06-24T21:04:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:04, 24 June 2026
Line 25:		Line 25:
	[[File:RingingMechanism.png\|500px\|center\| Bell ringing mechanisms ]]		[[File:RingingMechanism.png\|500px\|center\| Bell ringing mechanisms ]]
	=== Tuning ===		=== Tuning ===
	Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.[[File:Hum Note.png\|~~300px~~\|~~thumb~~]][[File:Prime Note.png\|~~300px~~\|~~thumb~~]][[File:Tierce Note.png\|~~300px~~\|~~thumb~~]][[File:Quint Note.png\|~~300px~~\|~~thumb~~]][[File:Nominal Note.png\|~~300px~~\|~~thumb~~]]		Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.[[File:Hum Note.png\|500px\|center]][[File:Prime Note.png\|500px\|center]][[File:Tierce Note.png\|500px\|center]][[File:Quint Note.png\|500px\|center]][[File:Nominal Note.png\|500px\|center]]
	=== Bell Condition ===		=== Bell Condition ===
	Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.		Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.

V26e.bells at 21:03, 24 June 2026

2026-06-24T21:03:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:03, 24 June 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	''This page is an overview of all the bells in Venice. For a typical bell, see [[Bell]].''		''This page is an overview of all the bells in Venice. For a typical bell, see [[Bell]].''

	Venice has ~~229~~ '''bells''' spread throughout the city and lagoon.		Venice has 262 '''bells''' spread throughout the city and lagoon.

	==History==		== History ==
	The beginning of bell creation and use dates back to 132 A.D. in China.The idea came from a Chinese philosopher by the name of Chang Heng, who invented the first known earthquake detector. He then connected a ringing device to the arm that moved during earthquakes so that a ring would be sounded during large seismic activity.		The beginning of bell creation and use dates back to 132 A.D. in China.The idea came from a Chinese philosopher by the name of Chang Heng, who invented the first known earthquake detector. He then connected a ringing device to the arm that moved during earthquakes so that a ring would be sounded during large seismic activity.

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	''For more information about bell history, see our [[Bells#External Links\|External Links]].''		''For more information about bell history, see our [[Bells#External Links\|External Links]].''

	==Statistics==		== Statistics ==
	Venice has ~~229~~ documented bells which have been visited by Venice Project Center groups. The collected data helps illuminate many aspects of the bells, such as their conditions, commonalities, age, number, and size. By examining the conditional ratings of bells for trends, it is possible to determine the urgency for renovation across the city. It can also be determined if these trends have any correlation to the bell's founder or date of casting.		Venice has 262 documented bells which have been visited by Venice Project Center groups. The collected data helps illuminate many aspects of the bells, such as their conditions, commonalities, age, number, and size. By examining the conditional ratings of bells for trends, it is possible to determine the urgency for renovation across the city. It can also be determined if these trends have any correlation to the bell's founder or date of casting.

	===Bell Sizes===		=== Bell Sizes ===
	The largest bell documented from Venice is Bell #2 of Sant’ Elena, which has a diameter of 152 cm, and the smallest bell documented is Bell #4 of San Nicolò dei Mendicoli with a diameter of 21 cm.		The largest bell documented from Venice is Bell #2 of Sant’ Elena, which has a diameter of 152 cm, and the smallest bell documented is Bell #4 of San Nicolò dei Mendicoli with a diameter of 21 cm.

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	From the graph above, it can be determined that the most frequent bell diameter ranges from 80 to 99 cm. Ironically, the shape of the graph is approximately a bell curve. The average ratio of diameter to internal bell height is 1.22 with a standard deviation of 0.106. Therefore, the size of the bells may vary, but the shape is similar for all bells in the city.		From the graph above, it can be determined that the most frequent bell diameter ranges from 80 to 99 cm. Ironically, the shape of the graph is approximately a bell curve. The average ratio of diameter to internal bell height is 1.22 with a standard deviation of 0.106. Therefore, the size of the bells may vary, but the shape is similar for all bells in the city.

	===Ringing Methods===		=== Ringing Methods ===
	Most bells in the city employ the same type of ringing method. The use of a wheel or a hammer are the two most common forms of ringing. However, ringing with a wheel is most often used, as 87% of the bells in Venice are rung by wheel. The second most common form are bells rung by both wheel and hammer, with 12% of bells employing this method. The graph below illustrates the share of these ringing mechanisms for the bells of Venice.		Most bells in the city employ the same type of ringing method. The use of a wheel or a hammer are the two most common forms of ringing. However, ringing with a wheel is most often used, as 87% of the bells in Venice are rung by wheel. The second most common form are bells rung by both wheel and hammer, with 12% of bells employing this method. The graph below illustrates the share of these ringing mechanisms for the bells of Venice.

	[[File:RingingMechanism.png\|500px\|center\| Bell ringing mechanisms ]]		[[File:RingingMechanism.png\|500px\|center\| Bell ringing mechanisms ]]
			=== Tuning ===
	===Bell Condition===		Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.[[File:Hum Note.png\|300px\|thumb]][[File:Prime Note.png\|300px\|thumb]][[File:Tierce Note.png\|300px\|thumb]][[File:Quint Note.png\|300px\|thumb]][[File:Nominal Note.png\|300px\|thumb]]
			=== Bell Condition ===
	Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.		Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.

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	The majority of the bells measured have a conditional rating of 1 for both cleanliness and discoloration. This means that there is some discoloration and dirtiness but not a problematic amount. Rust had a slightly higher rating of 2, though this is still relatively minor. The bells that need restoration should have a rating of 4 for each category. Fortunately, there are 5 or fewer bells for each of the categories with ratings of 4. There seems to be little correlation between the three categories. While there seems to be a great number of bells with a certain rating for one category, there may only be a few rated the same in a different category. Perhaps, when considering a bell for restoration, only one type of deterioration must be remedied. However, from the data there are some bells with a rating of 4 in all categories, such as those in the bell tower of San Silvestro.		The majority of the bells measured have a conditional rating of 1 for both cleanliness and discoloration. This means that there is some discoloration and dirtiness but not a problematic amount. Rust had a slightly higher rating of 2, though this is still relatively minor. The bells that need restoration should have a rating of 4 for each category. Fortunately, there are 5 or fewer bells for each of the categories with ratings of 4. There seems to be little correlation between the three categories. While there seems to be a great number of bells with a certain rating for one category, there may only be a few rated the same in a different category. Perhaps, when considering a bell for restoration, only one type of deterioration must be remedied. However, from the data there are some bells with a rating of 4 in all categories, such as those in the bell tower of San Silvestro.

	==See Also==		== See Also ==
	*[[Bell]] <br/>		*[[Bell]] <br>
	*[[Bell Ringing]] <br/>		*[[Bell Ringing]] <br>
	*[[Bell Tower]] <br/>		*[[Bell Tower]] <br>
	*[[Bell Towers]] <br/>		*[[Bell Towers]] <br>

	==References==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

	==External Links==		== External Links ==
	*Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_(instrument) Bell] page		*Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_(instrument) Bell] page
	*[http://cccbr.org.uk/pr/publicity/bellsandbellringing/ UK Central Council of Church Bell Ringers]		*[http://cccbr.org.uk/pr/publicity/bellsandbellringing/ UK Central Council of Church Bell Ringers]
	*[http://www.verdin.com/ Verdin Bells & Clocks]		*[http://www.verdin.com/ Verdin Bells & Clocks]
	*AmeriClock Inc., [http://www.usbellco.com/bell-strikers/ Church Bell Ringing & Bell Strikers]		*AmeriClock Inc., [http://www.usbellco.com/bell-strikers/ Church Bell Ringing & Bell Strikers]

Ksgallagher at 09:42, 2 December 2015

2015-12-02T09:42:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:42, 2 December 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
	''This page is an overview of all the bells in Venice. For a typical bell, see [[Bell]].''		''This page is an overview of all the bells in Venice. For a typical bell, see [[Bell]].''

	Venice has ~~203~~ '''bells''' spread throughout the city.		Venice has 229 '''bells''' spread throughout the city and lagoon.

	==History==		==History==
	The beginning of ~~bells~~ dates back to 132 A.D. in China.The idea came from a Chinese philosopher by the name of Chang Heng, who invented the first known earthquake detector.		The beginning of bell creation and use dates back to 132 A.D. in China.The idea came from a Chinese philosopher by the name of Chang Heng, who invented the first known earthquake detector. He then connected a ringing device to the arm that moved during earthquakes so that a ring would be sounded during large seismic activity.

			From China, the technology spread to the West, where it was used in church towers across Europe and the Western world.

	''For more information about bell history, see our [[Bells#External Links\|External Links]].''		''For more information about bell history, see our [[Bells#External Links\|External Links]].''

	==Statistics==		==Statistics==
	Venice has ~~203~~ bells ~~that~~ have been ~~documented, spread throughout the city~~. The ~~conclusions made from~~ data ~~collected tell us about the conditions~~ of the bells, ~~what aspects they have in common, and general info~~ such as age, number, and size. By examining ~~the trends for~~ the conditional ratings of bells, it is possible to determine the urgency for renovation. We can also ~~see~~ if ~~this has~~ any ~~relation~~ to the founder or ~~the~~ date of casting ~~of the bells~~.		Venice has 229 documented bells which have been visited by Venice Project Center groups. The collected data helps illuminate many aspects of the bells, such as their conditions, commonalities, age, number, and size. By examining the conditional ratings of bells for trends, it is possible to determine the urgency for renovation across the city. It can also be determined if these trends have any correlation to the bell's founder or date of casting.

	===Bell Sizes===		===Bell Sizes===
	The largest bell documented is ~~bell~~ 2 of Sant’ Elena ~~with~~ a diameter of 152 cm, and the smallest bell documented is ~~bell~~ 4 of San Nicolò dei Mendicoli with a diameter of 21 cm.		The largest bell documented from Venice is Bell #2 of Sant’ Elena, which has a diameter of 152 cm, and the smallest bell documented is Bell #4 of San Nicolò dei Mendicoli with a diameter of 21 cm.

	[[File:BellSize.png\|500px\|center\| Size of bells ]]		[[File:BellSize.png\|500px\|center\| Size of bells ]]

	From the graph above, it can be determined that the most frequent ~~size for the~~ diameter ~~of a bell is~~ from 80 to 99 cm.. Ironically, the shape of the graph ~~resembles~~ a bell curve. The average ratio of diameter to internal bell height is 1.22 cm with a standard deviation of .106 cm. Therefore, the size of the bells may vary, but the shape is similar for all bells in the city.		From the graph above, it can be determined that the most frequent bell diameter ranges from 80 to 99 cm. Ironically, the shape of the graph is approximately a bell curve. The average ratio of diameter to internal bell height is 1.22 with a standard deviation of 0.106. Therefore, the size of the bells may vary, but the shape is similar for all bells in the city.

	===Ringing Methods===		===Ringing Methods===
	~~The ringing method is the same for most~~ bells in the city of ~~Venice~~. ~~Hammer and~~ wheel are the ~~primary types~~ of ringing. However, wheel is most ~~common~~, as 87% of the bells in Venice are rung by wheel. The second most common, are bells rung by both wheel and hammer, ~~which is~~ 12%. The graph below ~~gives an idea of~~ the ~~popularity~~ of these ringing mechanisms for the bells of Venice.		Most bells in the city employ the same type of ringing method. The use of a wheel or a hammer are the two most common forms of ringing. However, ringing with a wheel is most often used, as 87% of the bells in Venice are rung by wheel. The second most common form are bells rung by both wheel and hammer, with 12% of bells employing this method. The graph below illustrates the share of these ringing mechanisms for the bells of Venice.

	[[File:RingingMechanism.png\|500px\|center\| Bell ringing mechanisms ]]		[[File:RingingMechanism.png\|500px\|center\| Bell ringing mechanisms ]]

	===Bell Condition===		===Bell Condition===
	Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, ~~it’s~~ important to track the ~~conditions of bells~~ so it is possible to determine when and ~~how much~~ renovation is needed. As discussed in [[Bell]], the materials that ~~they~~ are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping ~~and~~ cracking, discoloration, and rust. These criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 ~~meaning~~ there is no need for restoration ~~and~~ 4 ~~meaning~~ that restoration is urgent.		Because bells are an integral part of the material culture of Venice, it is important to track the their condition so it is possible to determine when and to what extent renovation is needed. As discussed in the [[Bell]] article, the materials that bells are made from, although durable, are still vulnerable to chipping, cracking, discoloration, corrosion, and rust. These condition criteria have been rated on a scale of 0 to 4: 0 indicates there is no need for restoration; 4 that restoration is urgent.

	[[File:ConditionOfBells.png\|500px\|center\| Bell condition]]		[[File:ConditionOfBells.png\|500px\|center\| Bell condition]]

	The majority of the bells measured ~~thus far~~ have ~~had~~ a conditional rating of 1 for both cleanliness and discoloration. This means that there is some, but not a problematic amount. Rust had a slightly higher ~~common~~ rating of 2 ~~which~~ still ~~is not very problematic~~. The ~~ones~~ that need restoration should have rating of 4 for each category. ~~Luckily~~, there are 5 or ~~less~~ bells for each of the categories ~~that had~~ ratings of a 4. There seems to be little correlation between the three categories. ~~Where~~ there seems to be a great number of bells with a certain rating for one category, there may only be a few rated the same ~~for~~ a different category. Perhaps, when considering a bell for restoration, ~~one may~~ only ~~have to confront~~ one ~~problem~~. However, from ~~our~~ data ~~we found~~ some bells with a rating of 4 in all categories, such as those in the bell tower of San Silvestro.		The majority of the bells measured have a conditional rating of 1 for both cleanliness and discoloration. This means that there is some discoloration and dirtiness but not a problematic amount. Rust had a slightly higher rating of 2, though this is still relatively minor. The bells that need restoration should have a rating of 4 for each category. Fortunately, there are 5 or fewer bells for each of the categories with ratings of 4. There seems to be little correlation between the three categories. While there seems to be a great number of bells with a certain rating for one category, there may only be a few rated the same in a different category. Perhaps, when considering a bell for restoration, only one type of deterioration must be remedied. However, from the data there are some bells with a rating of 4 in all categories, such as those in the bell tower of San Silvestro.

	==See Also==		==See Also==

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:12, 24 June 2026
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	Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.		Bells throughout the city have a variety of tunings and through the use of a software called Wavanal the tuning for many of the bells partials including the Hum, Prime, Tierce, Quint, and Nominal were found. Across 131 bells the notes have been graphed for each of the different partials with F#/Gb being the most common Hum and Prime, B being the most common Tierce, C#/Db being the most common Quint, and G#/Ab being the most common Nominal.
	{\| style="margin:auto;"		{\| style="margin:auto;"
	\| [[File:Hum Note.png\|~~250px~~]]		\| [[File:Hum Note.png\|350px]]
	\| [[File:Prime Note.png\|~~250px~~]]		\| [[File:Prime Note.png\|350px]]
	\| [[File:Tierce Note.png\|~~250px~~]]		\| [[File:Tierce Note.png\|350px]]
	\| [[File:Quint Note.png\|~~250px~~]]		\| [[File:Quint Note.png\|350px]]
	\| [[File:Nominal Note.png\|~~250px~~]]		\| [[File:Nominal Note.png\|350px]]
	\|}		\|}
	=== Bell Condition ===		=== Bell Condition ===