Flood of 1966 - Revision history

Lmccarthy at 11:02, 13 December 2012

2012-12-13T11:02:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:02, 13 December 2012
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	* [http://www.veniceinperil.org/ Venice in Peril]<Br>		* [http://www.veniceinperil.org/ Venice in Peril]<Br>
	* [http://www.wmf.org World Monuments Fund]<Br>		* [http://www.wmf.org World Monuments Fund]<Br>

			[[Category:Environment]]

Lmccarthy at 22:03, 5 December 2012

2012-12-05T22:03:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:03, 5 December 2012
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	On November 4, 1966 ~~subject to~~ an abnormal occurrence of ~~both atypically~~ high tides, rain-swollen rivers and a severe Sirocco wind~~, the Venice Lagoon overran and sent flood waters through~~ the canals to a height of 6ft 4in. ~~Recorded as the worst~~ flood in the ~~city’s history~~, thousands of residents ~~were stuck in their~~ homes ~~for day~~; ~~while various pieces~~ of ~~art valued at over $6 billion which was stored on ground floors were damaged~~. ~~Venice, which was~~ neglected and quietly deteriorating ever since the defeat of the Venetian Republic by Napoleon ~~over~~ a century and a half ~~before~~, was suddenly recognized as a city in urgent need of restoration.<ref name="Venice: After the flood">{{cite web \|http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/venice-after-the-flood-481203.html \|title=Venice: After the flood}}</ref>		On November 4, 1966, an abnormal occurrence of high tides, rain-swollen rivers and a severe [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirocco Sirocco wind] caused the canals to rise to a height of 194cm or 6ft 4in. Although Venice is known for their [aqua altas] or high waters which often flood the streets, this flood left thousands of residents without homes and caused over six million dollars worth of damage to the various art throughout Venice; therefore making it the worst flood in the history of the city. After being neglected and quietly deteriorating ever since the defeat of the Venetian Republic by Napoleon about a century and a half prior, Venice was suddenly recognized as a city in urgent need of restoration.<ref name="Venice: After the flood">{{cite web \|http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/venice-after-the-flood-481203.html \|title=Venice: After the flood}}</ref>

	==Timeline of Events==		==Timeline of Events==
	[[file: dogespalace.jpg \| thumb: 300px\| right\| Doge's Palace in St. Mark's Square on November 4, 1966.]]		[[file: dogespalace.jpg \| thumb: 300px\| right\| Doge's Palace in St. Mark's Square on November 4, 1966.]]
	This is the Doge's Palace in St. Mark's Square on ~~4 November 1966~~. It was ~~flooded under~~ 150 centimeters of sea water (194 centimeters when measured from the average sea level), and boats can be seen navigating the piazza. Three days of heavy rain ~~brought Venice~~ to ~~its knees (~~and water up to ~~its residents'~~ shoulders). ~~It was the same along rivers and lagoons in many~~ Italian cities in Northern and Central Italy. Florence, Trento, Siena, ~~and~~ Venice ~~were~~ the most severely affected. ~~Venice~~ remained isolated for 24 hours, and ~~the city was not at all prepared to face such an~~ emergency~~. The streets in the historical center of Venice were flooded to average heights of more than 50 centimeters. On the nearby island of Pellestrina~~, more ~~than 2000 people had to leave their houses, and more than 1200 residents abandoned Venice entirely. More~~ than 75 percent of businesses, shops, and artisans' studios ~~were seriously damaged, and~~ thousands of goods were ~~ruined~~ or destroyed.<ref>http://www.veniceword.com/news/9/acqua.html</ref>		This is the Doge's Palace in St. Mark's Square on the day of the great flood. It was covered with 150 centimeters of sea water (194 centimeters when measured from the average sea level), and boats can be seen navigating the piazza. Three days of heavy rain continued to deteriorate the city and left residents walking in water up to their shoulders. Although other Italian cities in Northern and Central Italy such as Florence, Trento, and Siena were all affected by the weather, Venice was the most severely affected. The city remained isolated for 24 hours and having been unprepared for this type of emergency, more than 75 percent of businesses, shops, and artisans' studios along with thousands of goods were either seriously damaged or destroyed completely.<ref>http://www.veniceword.com/news/9/acqua.html</ref>

	===Video===		===Video===
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	==Funding and Assistance==		==Funding and Assistance==
	Funding and assistance ~~flew in~~ from all ~~around~~ the globe ~~after~~ the ~~Flood~~ of ~~1966 shed light on~~ the ~~depreciation of Venice's~~ art and architecture. Funding was received from:		Funding and assistance came from all across the globe as the tragic event reminded many of the need to preserve Venitian art and architecture. Funding was received from:
	* [[UNESCO\|United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)]]		* [[UNESCO\|United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)]]
	* [[The Association of International Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice\|The Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice (ACP)]]		* [[The Association of International Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice\|The Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice (ACP)]]

			Other organizations initiated efforts to help Venice such as:
			* [[Venice in Peril]]
			* [[Save Venice Inc]]
			* [[World Monuments Fund]]

	==Conservation and Environmental Measures==		==Conservation and Environmental Measures==
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	In the early sixteenth century Venice’s perilous physical situation was realized, when its doges tried to safeguard the lagoon city and its harbor by diverting rivers from the lagoon to prevent river silt from accumulating and blocking the lagoon. Despite these efforts, over the centuries as the mean sea level gradually rose and the foundations of many buildings settled further into the mudflats. The Venetians also gradually raised their islands, as verified by the deepest archaeological layer in St. Mark’s Square, which is located approximately 10 feet below the present pavement. Thus today's continuing flooding problem is worsened by an obsolete four-hundred-year old lagoon-dredging program and a sinking seabed.<ref name="Architectural Conservation in Europe and the Americas">{{cite web\|http://books.google.com/books?id=goCJx26btm0C&pg=PA28&lpg=PA28&dq=venice+italy+conservation+after+flood&source=bl&ots=n1XUs2MKcp&sig=p-77PPDAO0AEs7Iy1KV3FhdbNnE&hl=en&ei=k8qpTpL8E5G3hAeR-IXvDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=venice%20italy%20conservation%20after%20flood&f=false\|title=Architectural Conservation in Europe and the Americas}}</ref>		In the early sixteenth century Venice’s perilous physical situation was realized, when its doges tried to safeguard the lagoon city and its harbor by diverting rivers from the lagoon to prevent river silt from accumulating and blocking the lagoon. Despite these efforts, over the centuries as the mean sea level gradually rose and the foundations of many buildings settled further into the mudflats. The Venetians also gradually raised their islands, as verified by the deepest archaeological layer in St. Mark’s Square, which is located approximately 10 feet below the present pavement. Thus today's continuing flooding problem is worsened by an obsolete four-hundred-year old lagoon-dredging program and a sinking seabed.<ref name="Architectural Conservation in Europe and the Americas">{{cite web\|http://books.google.com/books?id=goCJx26btm0C&pg=PA28&lpg=PA28&dq=venice+italy+conservation+after+flood&source=bl&ots=n1XUs2MKcp&sig=p-77PPDAO0AEs7Iy1KV3FhdbNnE&hl=en&ei=k8qpTpL8E5G3hAeR-IXvDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=venice%20italy%20conservation%20after%20flood&f=false\|title=Architectural Conservation in Europe and the Americas}}</ref>
	In combination with measures such as coastal reinforcement, the raising of quaysides and paving and improvement of the lagoon environment, engineers at FIAT designed the [[MOSE Project]]. These gates are able to protect the city of Venice from extreme events such as floods and morphological degradation.<ref name="MOSE Project">{{cite web \|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSE_Project \|title=MOSE Projet}}</ref>		In combination with measures such as coastal reinforcement, the raising of quaysides and paving and improvement of the lagoon environment, engineers at FIAT designed the [[MOSE Project]]. These gates are able to protect the city of Venice from extreme events such as floods and morphological degradation.<ref name="MOSE Project">{{cite web \|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSE_Project \|title=MOSE Projet}}</ref>


	==See Also==		==See Also==
	* [[UNESCO]]<br>		Various Institutions now work to preserve and restore the city along with conduct research on marine studies around Venice specifically the hydrodynamics of the canals.
	* [[The Association of International Private Committees for the ~~Safeguarding of~~ Venice~~\|Private Committees for~~ the ~~Safeguarding~~ of ~~Venice]]<br>~~		{{InstitutionsNav}}
	* [[Save Venice Inc]]<br>
	* [[Venice in Peril]]<br>
	* [[World Monuments Fund]]<br>
	* [[MOSE Project]]		* [[MOSE Project]]

Lmccarthy: Created page with "On November 4, 1966 subject to an abnormal occurrence of both atypically high tides, rain-swollen rivers and a severe Sirocco wind, the Venice Lagoon overran and sent flood wa..."

2012-12-05T21:42:14Z

Created page with "On November 4, 1966 subject to an abnormal occurrence of both atypically high tides, rain-swollen rivers and a severe Sirocco wind, the Venice Lagoon overran and sent flood wa..."

New page

On November 4, 1966 subject to an abnormal occurrence of both atypically high tides, rain-swollen rivers and a severe Sirocco wind, the Venice Lagoon overran and sent flood waters through the canals to a height of 6ft 4in. Recorded as the worst flood in the city’s history, thousands of residents were stuck in their homes for day; while various pieces of art valued at over $6 billion which was stored on ground floors were damaged. Venice, which was neglected and quietly deteriorating ever since the defeat of the Venetian Republic by Napoleon over a century and a half before, was suddenly recognized as a city in urgent need of restoration.<ref name="Venice: After the flood">{{cite web |http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/venice-after-the-flood-481203.html |title=Venice: After the flood}}</ref>

==Timeline of Events==
[[file: dogespalace.jpg | thumb: 300px| right| Doge's Palace in St. Mark's Square on November 4, 1966.]]
This is the Doge's Palace in St. Mark's Square on 4 November 1966. It was flooded under 150 centimeters of sea water (194 centimeters when measured from the average sea level), and boats can be seen navigating the piazza. Three days of heavy rain brought Venice to its knees (and water up to its residents' shoulders). It was the same along rivers and lagoons in many Italian cities in Northern and Central Italy. Florence, Trento, Siena, and Venice were the most severely affected. Venice remained isolated for 24 hours, and the city was not at all prepared to face such an emergency. The streets in the historical center of Venice were flooded to average heights of more than 50 centimeters. On the nearby island of Pellestrina, more than 2000 people had to leave their houses, and more than 1200 residents abandoned Venice entirely. More than 75 percent of businesses, shops, and artisans' studios were seriously damaged, and thousands of goods were ruined or destroyed.<ref>http://www.veniceword.com/news/9/acqua.html</ref>

===Video===
Watch a video of the aftermath caused by the flood of 1966 [http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=CQQwfiACtzo&vq=medium#t=15 here].

==Funding and Assistance==
Funding and assistance flew in from all around the globe after the Flood of 1966 shed light on the depreciation of Venice's art and architecture. Funding was received from:
* [[UNESCO|United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)]]
* [[The Association of International Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice|The Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice (ACP)]]

==Conservation and Environmental Measures==
[[File:mose-project.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Schematics of the MOSE Project.]]
While at first the Arno River’s Florentine destruction seemed more severe, it was Venice that demonstrated to be more difficult to conserve. John pope-Hennessy, a British art historian, detected that for the first time the full extent of the city’s problems was seen:
# ''“It was not just a matter of the flood; rather it was a matter of what the flood revealed, of the havoc wrought by generations of neglect. For centuries Venice lived off tourists, and almost none of the money they brought into the city was put back into the maintenance of its monuments. And that had been aggravated by problems of pollution, an issue of the utmost gravity.”'
In response, several national, along with international organizations, began working tirelessly in both Venice and Florence, making remarkable development in conserving countless individual sites. The most notable of organizations included [[UNESCO]], [[Venice in Peril]], [[Save Venice Inc]] and the [[World Monuments Fund]].
In the early sixteenth century Venice’s perilous physical situation was realized, when its doges tried to safeguard the lagoon city and its harbor by diverting rivers from the lagoon to prevent river silt from accumulating and blocking the lagoon. Despite these efforts, over the centuries as the mean sea level gradually rose and the foundations of many buildings settled further into the mudflats. The Venetians also gradually raised their islands, as verified by the deepest archaeological layer in St. Mark’s Square, which is located approximately 10 feet below the present pavement. Thus today's continuing flooding problem is worsened by an obsolete four-hundred-year old lagoon-dredging program and a sinking seabed.<ref name="Architectural Conservation in Europe and the Americas">{{cite web|http://books.google.com/books?id=goCJx26btm0C&pg=PA28&lpg=PA28&dq=venice+italy+conservation+after+flood&source=bl&ots=n1XUs2MKcp&sig=p-77PPDAO0AEs7Iy1KV3FhdbNnE&hl=en&ei=k8qpTpL8E5G3hAeR-IXvDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=venice%20italy%20conservation%20after%20flood&f=false|title=Architectural Conservation in Europe and the Americas}}</ref>
In combination with measures such as coastal reinforcement, the raising of quaysides and paving and improvement of the lagoon environment, engineers at FIAT designed the [[MOSE Project]]. These gates are able to protect the city of Venice from extreme events such as floods and morphological degradation.<ref name="MOSE Project">{{cite web |http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSE_Project |title=MOSE Projet}}</ref>

==See Also==
* [[UNESCO]] 
* [[The Association of International Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice|Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice]] 
* [[Save Venice Inc]] 
* [[Venice in Peril]] 
* [[World Monuments Fund]] 
* [[MOSE Project]]

==References==
<references/>

==External Links==
* [http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/ UNESCO] 
* [http://comprive.org Private Committees for the Safeguard of Venice] 
* [http://www.savevenice.org/ Save Venice Inc] 
* [http://www.veniceinperil.org/ Venice in Peril] 
* [http://www.wmf.org World Monuments Fund]