Wellhead - Revision history

V25B.wells@gmail.com: /* History */

2025-12-11T10:34:54Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:34, 11 December 2025
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	== History ==		== History ==

	~~[[History of Water Provision in Venice]]~~		The first wellheads were created for shallow wells in the Lido that used the Lido's natural sand dunes to filter rainwater. The first cistern wellheads in the city of Venice were created in the eleventh century. As the cistern system developed, more wells and wellheads were created, with eventually more than 6,000 wellheads in use in the 19th century. When the Venetian aqueduct was constructed in 1884, the wellheads fell out of use and the city of Venice began sealing them up. By 1930, all wellheads in Venice were sealed, destroyed, or removed. ''For more information see [[Wellheads]] and [[History of Water Provision in Venice]].''

	The first wellheads were created for shallow wells in the Lido that used the Lido's natural sand dunes to filter rainwater. The first cistern wellheads in the city of Venice were created in the eleventh century. As the cistern system developed, more wells and wellheads were created, with eventually more than 6,000 wellheads in use in the 19th century. When the Venetian aqueduct was constructed in 1884, the wellheads fell out of use and the city of Venice began sealing them up. By 1930, all wellheads in Venice were sealed, destroyed, or removed. ''For more information see [[Wellheads]].''

	== Retrieving Water ==		== Retrieving Water ==

V25B.wells@gmail.com at 15:59, 10 December 2025

2025-12-10T15:59:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 10 December 2025
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	File:Example_Red_Verona_Marble.jpg\|A wellhead made of Red Verona Marble		File:Example_Red_Verona_Marble.jpg\|A wellhead made of Red Verona Marble
	File:Example_White_Verona_Marble.jpg\|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone		File:Example_White_Verona_Marble.jpg\|A wellhead made of White Verona Stone
	~~[[File:pozzi.png\|left\|thumb\|alt=pozzi\|cross sectional well diagram from Insula SpA]]~~
	</gallery>		</gallery>

V25B.wells@gmail.com: /* Design */

2025-12-10T15:49:53Z

Design

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:49, 10 December 2025
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	== Design ==		== Design ==
	A typical wellhead has a platform, main body and lid. The platforms are usually short, but can be set higher above ground level in order to prevent salt water from contaminating the well during tidal flooding <ref>Thomollari, 2004</ref> ~~. A typical wellhead has an overall cylindrical or square shape~~. Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal. The typical wellhead features inscriptions and carvings of saints or family crests. The artistic and structural design of each wellhead is indicative of the art period it was built in.		A typical wellhead has a platform, cylindrical or polygonal main body and lid. The platforms are usually short, but can be set higher above ground level in order to prevent salt water from contaminating the well during tidal flooding <ref>Thomollari, 2004</ref> . Often the shape of the base and the shape of the rim are different. The shape of the base is consistently circular while the shape of the rim varies between circular, square, hexagonal and octagonal. The typical wellhead features inscriptions and carvings of saints or family crests. The artistic and structural design of each wellhead is indicative of the art period it was built in.

	== Material ==		== Material ==

V25B.wells@gmail.com at 15:48, 10 December 2025

2025-12-10T15:48:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:48, 10 December 2025
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	Over the eight hundred years that Venice relied on the cistern system, the style of wellheads varied greatly. The first wellheads ever used in Venice were reused pieces of marble from other buildings. Then, the Venetians started making their own wellheads, which were relatively simple. As the years progressed, the wellheads became more ornate before becoming simpler until they were replaced. Many early wellheads were reworked pieces of marble from classical Greek and Roman structures. These included column shafts, altars, memorial stones, cinerary urns, and other pieces<ref>Rizzi,1981</ref>. These wellheads were used on the Lido before the construction of the cisterns.		Over the eight hundred years that Venice relied on the cistern system, the style of wellheads varied greatly. The first wellheads ever used in Venice were reused pieces of marble from other buildings. Then, the Venetians started making their own wellheads, which were relatively simple. As the years progressed, the wellheads became more ornate before becoming simpler until they were replaced. Many early wellheads were reworked pieces of marble from classical Greek and Roman structures. These included column shafts, altars, memorial stones, cinerary urns, and other pieces<ref>Rizzi,1981</ref>. These wellheads were used on the Lido before the construction of the cisterns.

	[[File:Archeological Wellhead.jpg\|center\|~~frame~~\|An archeological wellhead carved from a column]]		[[File:Archeological Wellhead.jpg\|center\|200px\|thumb\|An archeological wellhead carved from a column]]

	In the eighth to tenth century, Carolingian style wellheads became popular. This style was heavily influenced by the architecture created under Charlemagne's rule. Carolingian wellheads tend to be either cubes or cylinders. These are also rare since they fell out of use before the cistern system was invented.		In the eighth to tenth century, Carolingian style wellheads became popular. This style was heavily influenced by the architecture created under Charlemagne's rule. Carolingian wellheads tend to be either cubes or cylinders. These are also rare since they fell out of use before the cistern system was invented.
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	The Byzantine style, also called Veneto-Byzantine style, was heavily influenced by Christian architecture and Venice's close contact with the Byzantine Empire in the 11th to 13th centuries. Wellheads built in this style were either freestanding cylinders or cylinders surrounded by columns. They are characterized by their elaborate design, often featuring twisted columns and animals<ref> Venetian Wells, n.d.</ref>.		The Byzantine style, also called Veneto-Byzantine style, was heavily influenced by Christian architecture and Venice's close contact with the Byzantine Empire in the 11th to 13th centuries. Wellheads built in this style were either freestanding cylinders or cylinders surrounded by columns. They are characterized by their elaborate design, often featuring twisted columns and animals<ref> Venetian Wells, n.d.</ref>.

	[[File:Byzantine Wellhead.jpg\|center\|~~frame~~\|A freestanding Byzantine style wellhead]]		[[File:Byzantine Wellhead.jpg\|center\|200px\|thumb\|A freestanding Byzantine style wellhead]]

	The Gothic style dominated Venetian art from the 14th to 15th centuries. Gothic wellheads were intricately designed to look like the top of columns, with arched sides and decorative corners. This style is common because it was popular when the city of Venice started building wells in every ''campo''.		The Gothic style dominated Venetian art from the 14th to 15th centuries. Gothic wellheads were intricately designed to look like the top of columns, with arched sides and decorative corners. This style is common because it was popular when the city of Venice started building wells in every ''campo''.

	[[File:Gothic Wellhead.jpg\|center\|~~frame~~\|A Gothic style wellhead]]		[[File:Gothic Wellhead.jpg\|center\|200px\|thumb\|A Gothic style wellhead]]

	The Renaissance style originated in Italy, characterized by a renewed interest in classical art; it was used primarily in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. This style's polygonal and cylindrical wellheads have more naturalistic elements including flowers and leaves. This style is also common since it was popular when the city of Venice was building wells in every ''campo''.		The Renaissance style originated in Italy, characterized by a renewed interest in classical art; it was used primarily in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. This style's polygonal and cylindrical wellheads have more naturalistic elements including flowers and leaves. This style is also common since it was popular when the city of Venice was building wells in every ''campo''.

	[[File:Reniassance Wellhead.jpg\|center\|~~frame~~\|A paneled Renaissance wellhead]]		[[File:Reniassance Wellhead.jpg\|center\|200px\|thumb\|A paneled Renaissance wellhead]]

	The Baroque style was slightly different from that of the Renaissance style. Wellheads at this time were round, simpler, few decorations and emphasis on heavy spaces. Wellheads built during this time lacked a sort of relevance due to the decline of the Venetian republic during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.		The Baroque style was slightly different from that of the Renaissance style. Wellheads at this time were round, simpler, few decorations and emphasis on heavy spaces. Wellheads built during this time lacked a sort of relevance due to the decline of the Venetian republic during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

	[[File:Baroque Wellhead.jpg\|center\|~~frame~~\|A Baroque style wellhead]]		[[File:Baroque Wellhead.jpg\|center\|200px\|thumb\|A Baroque style wellhead]]

	Wellheads built during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are often significantly larger or smaller than those built during any of the aforementioned era. These are often called Neo-classical wellheads. They are not much more than simple stone cylinders.		Wellheads built during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are often significantly larger or smaller than those built during any of the aforementioned era. These are often called Neo-classical wellheads. They are not much more than simple stone cylinders.

	[[File:Neo-classical wellhead.jpg\|center\|~~frame~~\|A Neo-classical wellhead]]		[[File:Neo-classical wellhead.jpg\|center\|200px\|thumb\|A Neo-classical wellhead]]

	Another wellhead style of note is the traditional wellhead. Traditional wellheads were most common in the 14th to 16th centuries, but were around for most of the time that the cisterns existed. They are identifiable by their circular base and polygonal rim with arches carved into the sides.		Another wellhead style of note is the traditional wellhead. Traditional wellheads were most common in the 14th to 16th centuries, but were around for most of the time that the cisterns existed. They are identifiable by their circular base and polygonal rim with arches carved into the sides.

	[[File:Traditional Wellhead.jpg\|center\|~~frame~~\|A traditional style wellhead]]		[[File:Traditional Wellhead.jpg\|center\|200px\|thumb\|A traditional style wellhead]]

	== Lid ==		== Lid ==

V25B.wells@gmail.com: /* Styles */

2025-12-10T15:47:46Z

Styles

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:47, 10 December 2025
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	In the eighth to tenth century, Carolingian style wellheads became popular. This style was heavily influenced by the architecture created under Charlemagne's rule. Carolingian wellheads tend to be either cubes or cylinders. These are also rare since they fell out of use before the cistern system was invented.		In the eighth to tenth century, Carolingian style wellheads became popular. This style was heavily influenced by the architecture created under Charlemagne's rule. Carolingian wellheads tend to be either cubes or cylinders. These are also rare since they fell out of use before the cistern system was invented.
			<br>
	[[File:Carolingian_Wellhead.jpg\|center\|~~frame~~\|~~100px~~\|A cubic Carolingian style wellhead]]		[[File:Carolingian_Wellhead.jpg\|center\|200px\|thumb\|A cubic Carolingian style wellhead]]

	The Byzantine style, also called Veneto-Byzantine style, was heavily influenced by Christian architecture and Venice's close contact with the Byzantine Empire in the 11th to 13th centuries. Wellheads built in this style were either freestanding cylinders or cylinders surrounded by columns. They are characterized by their elaborate design, often featuring twisted columns and animals<ref> Venetian Wells, n.d.</ref>.		The Byzantine style, also called Veneto-Byzantine style, was heavily influenced by Christian architecture and Venice's close contact with the Byzantine Empire in the 11th to 13th centuries. Wellheads built in this style were either freestanding cylinders or cylinders surrounded by columns. They are characterized by their elaborate design, often featuring twisted columns and animals<ref> Venetian Wells, n.d.</ref>.

V25B.wells@gmail.com: /* Styles */

2025-12-10T15:40:15Z

Styles

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:40, 10 December 2025
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	In the eighth to tenth century, Carolingian style wellheads became popular. This style was heavily influenced by the architecture created under Charlemagne's rule. Carolingian wellheads tend to be either cubes or cylinders. These are also rare since they fell out of use before the cistern system was invented.		In the eighth to tenth century, Carolingian style wellheads became popular. This style was heavily influenced by the architecture created under Charlemagne's rule. Carolingian wellheads tend to be either cubes or cylinders. These are also rare since they fell out of use before the cistern system was invented.

	[[File:Carolingian_Wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|~~400px~~\|A cubic Carolingian style wellhead]]		[[File:Carolingian_Wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|100px\|A cubic Carolingian style wellhead]]

	The Byzantine style, also called Veneto-Byzantine style, was heavily influenced by Christian architecture and Venice's close contact with the Byzantine Empire in the 11th to 13th centuries. Wellheads built in this style were either freestanding cylinders or cylinders surrounded by columns. They are characterized by their elaborate design, often featuring twisted columns and animals<ref> Venetian Wells, n.d.</ref>.		The Byzantine style, also called Veneto-Byzantine style, was heavily influenced by Christian architecture and Venice's close contact with the Byzantine Empire in the 11th to 13th centuries. Wellheads built in this style were either freestanding cylinders or cylinders surrounded by columns. They are characterized by their elaborate design, often featuring twisted columns and animals<ref> Venetian Wells, n.d.</ref>.

V25B.wells@gmail.com: /* Styles */

2025-12-10T15:39:38Z

Styles

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:39, 10 December 2025
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	In the eighth to tenth century, Carolingian style wellheads became popular. This style was heavily influenced by the architecture created under Charlemagne's rule. Carolingian wellheads tend to be either cubes or cylinders. These are also rare since they fell out of use before the cistern system was invented.		In the eighth to tenth century, Carolingian style wellheads became popular. This style was heavily influenced by the architecture created under Charlemagne's rule. Carolingian wellheads tend to be either cubes or cylinders. These are also rare since they fell out of use before the cistern system was invented.

	[[File:Carolingian_Wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|A cubic Carolingian style wellhead]]		[[File:Carolingian_Wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|400px\|A cubic Carolingian style wellhead]]

	The Byzantine style, also called Veneto-Byzantine style, was heavily influenced by Christian architecture and Venice's close contact with the Byzantine Empire in the 11th to 13th centuries. Wellheads built in this style were either freestanding cylinders or cylinders surrounded by columns. They are characterized by their elaborate design, often featuring twisted columns and animals<ref> Venetian Wells, n.d.</ref>.		The Byzantine style, also called Veneto-Byzantine style, was heavily influenced by Christian architecture and Venice's close contact with the Byzantine Empire in the 11th to 13th centuries. Wellheads built in this style were either freestanding cylinders or cylinders surrounded by columns. They are characterized by their elaborate design, often featuring twisted columns and animals<ref> Venetian Wells, n.d.</ref>.

V25B.wells@gmail.com at 15:39, 10 December 2025

2025-12-10T15:39:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:39, 10 December 2025
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	== Styles ==		== Styles ==
	~~<p>~~Over the eight hundred years that Venice relied on the cistern system, the style of wellheads varied greatly. The first wellheads ever used in Venice were reused pieces of marble from other buildings. Then, the Venetians started making their own wellheads, which were relatively simple. As the years progressed, the wellheads became more ornate before becoming simpler until they were replaced.</p>		Over the eight hundred years that Venice relied on the cistern system, the style of wellheads varied greatly. The first wellheads ever used in Venice were reused pieces of marble from other buildings. Then, the Venetians started making their own wellheads, which were relatively simple. As the years progressed, the wellheads became more ornate before becoming simpler until they were replaced. Many early wellheads were reworked pieces of marble from classical Greek and Roman structures. These included column shafts, altars, memorial stones, cinerary urns, and other pieces<ref>Rizzi,1981</ref>. These wellheads were used on the Lido before the construction of the cisterns.

	~~<p>Many early wellheads were reworked pieces of marble~~ from ~~classical Greek and Roman structures. These included~~ column ~~shafts, altars, memorial stones, cinerary urns, and other pieces.<ref>Rizzi,1981</ref>. These wellheads were used on the Lido before the construction of the cisterns.</p>~~		[[File:Archeological Wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|An archeological wellhead carved from a column]]

	In the eighth to tenth century, Carolingian style wellheads became popular. This style was heavily influenced by the architecture created under Charlemagne's rule. Carolingian wellheads tend to be either cubes or cylinders. These are also rare since they fell out of use before the cistern system was invented.		In the eighth to tenth century, Carolingian style wellheads became popular. This style was heavily influenced by the architecture created under Charlemagne's rule. Carolingian wellheads tend to be either cubes or cylinders. These are also rare since they fell out of use before the cistern system was invented.

			[[File:Carolingian_Wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|A cubic Carolingian style wellhead]]

	The Byzantine style was heavily influenced by Christian architecture and Venice's close contact with the Byzantine Empire in the 11th to 13th centuries. Wellheads built in this style were either freestanding cylinders or cylinders surrounded by columns. They are characterized by their elaborate design, often featuring twisted columns and animals~~<~~ref~~>~~Venetian Wells, n.d.~~<~~/ref~~>~~.		The Byzantine style, also called Veneto-Byzantine style, was heavily influenced by Christian architecture and Venice's close contact with the Byzantine Empire in the 11th to 13th centuries. Wellheads built in this style were either freestanding cylinders or cylinders surrounded by columns. They are characterized by their elaborate design, often featuring twisted columns and animals<ref> Venetian Wells, n.d.</ref>.

			[[File:Byzantine Wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|A freestanding Byzantine style wellhead]]
	~~INCLUDE IMAGE OF BYZANTINE STYLE WELL~~

	The Gothic style dominated Venetian art from the 14th to 15th centuries. Gothic wellheads were intricately designed to look like the top of columns, with arched sides and decorative corners. This style is common because it was popular when the city of Venice started building wells in every ''campo''.		The Gothic style dominated Venetian art from the 14th to 15th centuries. Gothic wellheads were intricately designed to look like the top of columns, with arched sides and decorative corners. This style is common because it was popular when the city of Venice started building wells in every ''campo''.

	~~INCLUDE IMAGE OF GOTHIC STYLE WELL~~		[[File:Gothic Wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|A Gothic style wellhead]]

	The Renaissance style originated in Italy, characterized by a renewed interest in classical art; it was used primarily in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. This style's polygonal and cylindrical wellheads have more naturalistic elements including flowers and leaves. This style is also common since it was popular when the city of Venice was building wells in every ''campo''.		The Renaissance style originated in Italy, characterized by a renewed interest in classical art; it was used primarily in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. This style's polygonal and cylindrical wellheads have more naturalistic elements including flowers and leaves. This style is also common since it was popular when the city of Venice was building wells in every ''campo''.

	~~<p>INCLUDE IMAGE OF RENAISSANCE STYLE WELL</p>~~		[[File:Reniassance Wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|A paneled Renaissance wellhead]]

			The Baroque style was slightly different from that of the Renaissance style. Wellheads at this time were round, simpler, few decorations and emphasis on heavy spaces. Wellheads built during this time lacked a sort of relevance due to the decline of the Venetian republic during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

			[[File:Baroque Wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|A Baroque style wellhead]]

			Wellheads built during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are often significantly larger or smaller than those built during any of the aforementioned era. These are often called Neo-classical wellheads. They are not much more than simple stone cylinders.

	~~<p>The Baroque style was slightly different from that of the Renaissance style~~. Wellheads at this time were round, simpler, few decorations and emphasis on heavy spaces. Wellheads built during this time lacked a sort of relevance due to the decline of the Venetian republic during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.</p>		[[File:Neo-classical wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|A Neo-classical wellhead]]
	~~<p>INCLUDE IMAGE OF BAROQUE STYLE WELL</p>~~

	~~<p>Wellheads built during~~ the ~~nineteenth and twentieth~~ centuries ~~are often significantly larger or smaller than those built during any~~ of the ~~aforementioned era. These are often called Neo-classical wellheads~~. They are ~~not much more than simple stone cylinders~~.~~ </p>~~		Another wellhead style of note is the traditional wellhead. Traditional wellheads were most common in the 14th to 16th centuries, but were around for most of the time that the cisterns existed. They are identifiable by their circular base and polygonal rim with arches carved into the sides.

	~~<p>Another wellhead~~ style ~~of note is the traditional~~ wellhead. Traditional wellheads were most common in the 14th to 16th centuries, but were around for most of the time that the cisterns existed. They are identifiable by their circular base and polygonal rim with arches carved into the sides.</p>		[[File:Traditional Wellhead.jpg\|center\|frame\|A traditional style wellhead]]

	== Lid ==		== Lid ==

V25B.wells@gmail.com: /* Styles */

2025-12-10T15:27:01Z

Styles

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:27, 10 December 2025
Line 35:		Line 35:
	<p>Over the eight hundred years that Venice relied on the cistern system, the style of wellheads varied greatly. The first wellheads ever used in Venice were reused pieces of marble from other buildings. Then, the Venetians started making their own wellheads, which were relatively simple. As the years progressed, the wellheads became more ornate before becoming simpler until they were replaced.</p>		<p>Over the eight hundred years that Venice relied on the cistern system, the style of wellheads varied greatly. The first wellheads ever used in Venice were reused pieces of marble from other buildings. Then, the Venetians started making their own wellheads, which were relatively simple. As the years progressed, the wellheads became more ornate before becoming simpler until they were replaced.</p>

	<p>~~The first~~ wellheads were ~~hollowed~~ pieces of marble from ~~ancient~~ Greek and Roman ~~ruins~~, ~~usually columns or~~ altars<ref>Rizzi,1981</ref>. These wellheads were used on the Lido before the construction of the cisterns. ~~See the ~~</p>		<p>Many early wellheads were reworked pieces of marble from classical Greek and Roman structures. These included column shafts, altars, memorial stones, cinerary urns, and other pieces.<ref>Rizzi,1981</ref>. These wellheads were used on the Lido before the construction of the cisterns.</p>
	~~[[File:Archeological_Wellhead.jpg\|center\|An archeological wellhead, likely carved from a greco-roman column]]~~

	The Byzantine style~~, based on Christianity, typically emphasized elaborate design rather than naturalistic depictions. The Venetian Republic had~~ close contact with the Byzantine Empire ~~during this period from~~ the ~~eleventh~~ to ~~the thirteenth century~~. Wellheads built ~~during this time reflect~~ this style ~~and~~ often ~~displayed~~ twisted columns and animals (Venetian Wells, n.d.~~). Fountains built during the Byzantine era, modeled wellheads at the time~~.		In the eighth to tenth century, Carolingian style wellheads became popular. This style was heavily influenced by the architecture created under Charlemagne's rule. Carolingian wellheads tend to be either cubes or cylinders. These are also rare since they fell out of use before the cistern system was invented.


			The Byzantine style was heavily influenced by Christian architecture and Venice's close contact with the Byzantine Empire in the 11th to 13th centuries. Wellheads built in this style were either freestanding cylinders or cylinders surrounded by columns. They are characterized by their elaborate design, often featuring twisted columns and animals<ref>Venetian Wells, n.d.</ref>.


	INCLUDE IMAGE OF BYZANTINE STYLE WELL		INCLUDE IMAGE OF BYZANTINE STYLE WELL

	The Gothic style dominated Venetian art from the ~~thirteenth~~ to ~~fifteenth~~ centuries. ~~Characterized by a pointed and intricate design in arches and on each side,~~ wellheads ~~built during this time period reflect~~ the ~~Gothic~~ style.		The Gothic style dominated Venetian art from the 14th to 15th centuries. Gothic wellheads were intricately designed to look like the top of columns, with arched sides and decorative corners. This style is common because it was popular when the city of Venice started building wells in every ''campo''.

	INCLUDE IMAGE OF GOTHIC STYLE WELL		INCLUDE IMAGE OF GOTHIC STYLE WELL

	The Renaissance style originated in Italy, characterized by a renewed interest in classical art; it was used primarily in the ~~fourteenth~~ and sixteenth century. ~~Within this~~ style, wellheads have more naturalistic elements including flowers and leaves.		The Renaissance style originated in Italy, characterized by a renewed interest in classical art; it was used primarily in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. This style's polygonal and cylindrical wellheads have more naturalistic elements including flowers and leaves. This style is also common since it was popular when the city of Venice was building wells in every ''campo''.

	<p>INCLUDE IMAGE OF RENAISSANCE STYLE WELL</p>		<p>INCLUDE IMAGE OF RENAISSANCE STYLE WELL</p>


	<p>The Baroque style was slightly different from that of the Renaissance style. Wellheads at this time were simpler, few decorations and emphasis on heavy spaces. Wellheads built during this time lacked a sort of relevance due to the decline of the Venetian republic during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.		<p>The Baroque style was slightly different from that of the Renaissance style. Wellheads at this time were round, simpler, few decorations and emphasis on heavy spaces. Wellheads built during this time lacked a sort of relevance due to the decline of the Venetian republic during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.</p>
			<p>INCLUDE IMAGE OF BAROQUE STYLE WELL</p>

	</p>		<p>Wellheads built during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are often significantly larger or smaller than those built during any of the aforementioned era. These are often called Neo-classical wellheads. They are not much more than simple stone cylinders. </p>

	~~<p>INCLUDE IMAGE OF BAROQUE STYLE WELL~~</p>

	<p>~~Wellheads built during~~ the ~~nineteenth and twentieth~~ centuries ~~are often significantly larger or smaller than those built during any~~ of the ~~aforementioned era. Many wellheads across~~ time ~~may include inscriptions within their decorations~~ that ~~refer to~~ the ~~family or donors who helped build~~ the ~~well~~.</p>		<p>Another wellhead style of note is the traditional wellhead. Traditional wellheads were most common in the 14th to 16th centuries, but were around for most of the time that the cisterns existed. They are identifiable by their circular base and polygonal rim with arches carved into the sides.</p>

	== Lid ==		== Lid ==

V25B.wells@gmail.com: /* Styles */

2025-12-10T14:39:31Z

Styles

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 10 December 2025
Line 33:		Line 33:

	== Styles ==		== Styles ==
	<p>~~Decorations~~ on ~~wellheads range through~~ the ~~Byzantine~~, ~~Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque eras.</p>~~		<p>Over the eight hundred years that Venice relied on the cistern system, the style of wellheads varied greatly. The first wellheads ever used in Venice were reused pieces of marble from other buildings. Then, the Venetians started making their own wellheads, which were relatively simple. As the years progressed, the wellheads became more ornate before becoming simpler until they were replaced.</p>
	~~The Byzantine~~ style~~, based on Christianity, typically emphasized elaborate design rather than naturalistic depictions~~. The ~~Venetian Republic had close contact with the Byzantine Empire during this period~~ from the ~~eleventh to the thirteenth century. Wellheads built during this time reflect this style and often displayed twisted columns and animals (Venetian Wells~~, n.~~d.). Fountains built during~~ the ~~Byzantine era~~, ~~modeled~~ wellheads ~~at the time~~.

			<p>The first wellheads were hollowed pieces of marble from ancient Greek and Roman ruins, usually columns or altars<ref>Rizzi,1981</ref>. These wellheads were used on the Lido before the construction of the cisterns. See the </p>
	[[File:Archeological_Wellhead.jpg\|center\|An archeological wellhead, likely carved from a greco-roman column]]		[[File:Archeological_Wellhead.jpg\|center\|An archeological wellhead, likely carved from a greco-roman column]]

			The Byzantine style, based on Christianity, typically emphasized elaborate design rather than naturalistic depictions. The Venetian Republic had close contact with the Byzantine Empire during this period from the eleventh to the thirteenth century. Wellheads built during this time reflect this style and often displayed twisted columns and animals (Venetian Wells, n.d.). Fountains built during the Byzantine era, modeled wellheads at the time.


	INCLUDE IMAGE OF BYZANTINE STYLE WELL		INCLUDE IMAGE OF BYZANTINE STYLE WELL

	The Gothic style dominated Venetian art from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. Characterized by a pointed and intricate design in arches and on each side, wellheads built during this time period reflect the Gothic style		The Gothic style dominated Venetian art from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. Characterized by a pointed and intricate design in arches and on each side, wellheads built during this time period reflect the Gothic style.

	INCLUDE IMAGE OF GOTHIC STYLE WELL		INCLUDE IMAGE OF GOTHIC STYLE WELL

	The Renaissance style originated in Italy, characterized by a renewed interest in classical art; it was used primarily in the fourteenth and sixteenth century. Within this style, wellheads have more naturalistic elements including flowers and leaves		The Renaissance style originated in Italy, characterized by a renewed interest in classical art; it was used primarily in the fourteenth and sixteenth century. Within this style, wellheads have more naturalistic elements including flowers and leaves.

	<p>INCLUDE IMAGE OF RENAISSANCE STYLE WELL</p>		<p>INCLUDE IMAGE OF RENAISSANCE STYLE WELL</p>


	<p>The Baroque style was slightly different from that of the Renaissance style. Wellheads at this time were simpler, few decorations and emphasis on heavy spaces. Wellheads built during this time lacked a sort of relevance due to the decline of the Venetian republic during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries		<p>The Baroque style was slightly different from that of the Renaissance style. Wellheads at this time were simpler, few decorations and emphasis on heavy spaces. Wellheads built during this time lacked a sort of relevance due to the decline of the Venetian republic during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

	</p>		</p>

	<p>INCLUDE IMAGE OF BAROQUE STYLE WELL</p>		<p>INCLUDE IMAGE OF BAROQUE STYLE WELL</p>

	<p>Wellheads built during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are often significantly larger or smaller than those built during any of the aforementioned era. Many wellheads across time may include inscriptions within their decorations that refer to the family or donors who helped build the well.</p>		<p>Wellheads built during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are often significantly larger or smaller than those built during any of the aforementioned era. Many wellheads across time may include inscriptions within their decorations that refer to the family or donors who helped build the well.</p>